WGU D027 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE / 100 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (A+ GUIDE SOLUTION) NEWEST 2025/2026(REAL DEAL)
Question 1
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the exocrine glands. Which of the
following is a primary consequence of this disease?
A) The pancreas produces excessive insulin, leading to hypoglycemia.
B) The pancreas produces thick secretions that block ducts, leading to malabsorption and lung
infections.
C) The kidneys fail to reabsorb sodium, leading to dehydration.
D) The liver is unable to produce clotting factors, leading to bleeding.
Correct Answer: B) The pancreas produces thick secretions that block ducts, leading to
malabsorption and lung infections.
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene, which leads to the
production of abnormally thick, sticky mucus. This mucus obstructs the pancreatic ducts
(preventing digestive enzymes from reaching the intestine) and clogs the airways of the lungs
(trapping bacteria and leading to chronic infections).
Question 2
A genetic condition where males have an extra X chromosome (XXY), leading to hypogonadism
and reduced fertility, is known as:
A) Turner Syndrome
B) Down Syndrome
C) Klinefelter Syndrome
D) Fragile X Syndrome
Correct Answer: C) Klinefelter Syndrome
Rationale: Klinefelter syndrome is a sex chromosome disorder in males that results from the
presence of an extra X chromosome. It can cause taller stature, less muscle, and reduced
testosterone production.
Question 3
A female is born with a single X chromosome (XO). This condition, which can cause short
,stature, hearing loss, and heart defects, is called:
A) Klinefelter Syndrome
B) Turner Syndrome
C) Trisomy X
D) Patau Syndrome
Correct Answer: B) Turner Syndrome
Rationale: Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that affects development in females.
The most common feature is short stature, and many affected girls do not undergo puberty
because of ovarian failure.
Question 4
A patient is diagnosed with beta thalassemia. The provider understands this condition is
characterized by:
A) A deficiency of iron in the blood.
B) A decreased or absent synthesis of beta-globin chains, leading to microcytic anemia.
C) The presence of abnormally shaped, sickled red blood cells.
D) An autoimmune destruction of red blood cells.
Correct Answer: B) A decreased or absent synthesis of beta-globin chains, leading to
microcytic anemia.
Rationale: Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder resulting in a quantitative defect in
hemoglobin synthesis. In beta thalassemia, the production of beta-globin is impaired, leading
to a low hemoglobin level and an underproduction of healthy red blood cells.
Question 5
A patient with beta thalassemia is found to have anemia. Which of the following is
contraindicated for treating this type of anemia?
A) Folic acid
B) Blood transfusion
C) Ferrous sulfate (iron)
D) Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: C) Ferrous sulfate (iron)
,Rationale: The anemia in thalassemia is not caused by an iron deficiency. In fact, due to the
ineffective production of red blood cells and frequent transfusions, these patients are at high
risk for iron overload. Administering iron would be harmful.
Question 6
Which drug class is directly toxic to lymphoid tissues and is used in combination with other
agents to treat leukemias and lymphomas?
A) Glucocorticoids
B) Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)
C) Aromatase Inhibitors
D) Alkylating Agents
Correct Answer: A) Glucocorticoids
Rationale: High-dose glucocorticoids (like prednisone or dexamethasone) induce apoptosis
(programmed cell death) in lymphoid cells, making them a cornerstone of treatment for
lymphoid malignancies.
Question 7
A normal ejection fraction (EF), representing the percentage of blood pumped out of the left
ventricle with each contraction, is typically:
A) 25-30%
B) 35-40%
C) 45-50%
D) 55-60%
Correct Answer: D) 55-60%
Rationale: An EF of 55% or higher is generally considered normal. It indicates that the heart's
pumping function is healthy.
Question 8
A patient has heart failure with an ejection fraction of 45%. This would be classified as:
A) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
B) Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
, C) Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF).
D) Normal heart function.
Correct Answer: C) Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF).
Rationale: Current guidelines classify EF as follows: <40% is reduced (HFrEF), ≥50% is
preserved (HFpEF), and 41-49% is mid-range (HFmrEF).
Question 9
A patient presents with dyspnea, crackles in the lungs, and jugular venous distention. These are
classic signs of:
A) Left-sided heart failure
B) Right-sided heart failure
C) Anemia
D) Asthma
Correct Answer: A) Left-sided heart failure
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the pulmonary circulation.
This leads to pulmonary congestion (dyspnea, crackles) and decreased cardiac output. The
resulting fluid overload can also cause JVD.
Question 10
A patient presents with bilateral lower extremity edema and abdominal distention (ascites).
These are classic signs of:
A) Left-sided heart failure
B) Right-sided heart failure
C) Kidney failure
D) Liver failure
Correct Answer: B) Right-sided heart failure
Rationale: Right-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the systemic venous
circulation. This increased pressure forces fluid into the peripheral tissues, causing edema,
and into the peritoneal cavity, causing ascites.
ANSWERS (A+ GUIDE SOLUTION) NEWEST 2025/2026(REAL DEAL)
Question 1
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the exocrine glands. Which of the
following is a primary consequence of this disease?
A) The pancreas produces excessive insulin, leading to hypoglycemia.
B) The pancreas produces thick secretions that block ducts, leading to malabsorption and lung
infections.
C) The kidneys fail to reabsorb sodium, leading to dehydration.
D) The liver is unable to produce clotting factors, leading to bleeding.
Correct Answer: B) The pancreas produces thick secretions that block ducts, leading to
malabsorption and lung infections.
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene, which leads to the
production of abnormally thick, sticky mucus. This mucus obstructs the pancreatic ducts
(preventing digestive enzymes from reaching the intestine) and clogs the airways of the lungs
(trapping bacteria and leading to chronic infections).
Question 2
A genetic condition where males have an extra X chromosome (XXY), leading to hypogonadism
and reduced fertility, is known as:
A) Turner Syndrome
B) Down Syndrome
C) Klinefelter Syndrome
D) Fragile X Syndrome
Correct Answer: C) Klinefelter Syndrome
Rationale: Klinefelter syndrome is a sex chromosome disorder in males that results from the
presence of an extra X chromosome. It can cause taller stature, less muscle, and reduced
testosterone production.
Question 3
A female is born with a single X chromosome (XO). This condition, which can cause short
,stature, hearing loss, and heart defects, is called:
A) Klinefelter Syndrome
B) Turner Syndrome
C) Trisomy X
D) Patau Syndrome
Correct Answer: B) Turner Syndrome
Rationale: Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that affects development in females.
The most common feature is short stature, and many affected girls do not undergo puberty
because of ovarian failure.
Question 4
A patient is diagnosed with beta thalassemia. The provider understands this condition is
characterized by:
A) A deficiency of iron in the blood.
B) A decreased or absent synthesis of beta-globin chains, leading to microcytic anemia.
C) The presence of abnormally shaped, sickled red blood cells.
D) An autoimmune destruction of red blood cells.
Correct Answer: B) A decreased or absent synthesis of beta-globin chains, leading to
microcytic anemia.
Rationale: Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder resulting in a quantitative defect in
hemoglobin synthesis. In beta thalassemia, the production of beta-globin is impaired, leading
to a low hemoglobin level and an underproduction of healthy red blood cells.
Question 5
A patient with beta thalassemia is found to have anemia. Which of the following is
contraindicated for treating this type of anemia?
A) Folic acid
B) Blood transfusion
C) Ferrous sulfate (iron)
D) Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: C) Ferrous sulfate (iron)
,Rationale: The anemia in thalassemia is not caused by an iron deficiency. In fact, due to the
ineffective production of red blood cells and frequent transfusions, these patients are at high
risk for iron overload. Administering iron would be harmful.
Question 6
Which drug class is directly toxic to lymphoid tissues and is used in combination with other
agents to treat leukemias and lymphomas?
A) Glucocorticoids
B) Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs)
C) Aromatase Inhibitors
D) Alkylating Agents
Correct Answer: A) Glucocorticoids
Rationale: High-dose glucocorticoids (like prednisone or dexamethasone) induce apoptosis
(programmed cell death) in lymphoid cells, making them a cornerstone of treatment for
lymphoid malignancies.
Question 7
A normal ejection fraction (EF), representing the percentage of blood pumped out of the left
ventricle with each contraction, is typically:
A) 25-30%
B) 35-40%
C) 45-50%
D) 55-60%
Correct Answer: D) 55-60%
Rationale: An EF of 55% or higher is generally considered normal. It indicates that the heart's
pumping function is healthy.
Question 8
A patient has heart failure with an ejection fraction of 45%. This would be classified as:
A) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
B) Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
, C) Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF).
D) Normal heart function.
Correct Answer: C) Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF).
Rationale: Current guidelines classify EF as follows: <40% is reduced (HFrEF), ≥50% is
preserved (HFpEF), and 41-49% is mid-range (HFmrEF).
Question 9
A patient presents with dyspnea, crackles in the lungs, and jugular venous distention. These are
classic signs of:
A) Left-sided heart failure
B) Right-sided heart failure
C) Anemia
D) Asthma
Correct Answer: A) Left-sided heart failure
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the pulmonary circulation.
This leads to pulmonary congestion (dyspnea, crackles) and decreased cardiac output. The
resulting fluid overload can also cause JVD.
Question 10
A patient presents with bilateral lower extremity edema and abdominal distention (ascites).
These are classic signs of:
A) Left-sided heart failure
B) Right-sided heart failure
C) Kidney failure
D) Liver failure
Correct Answer: B) Right-sided heart failure
Rationale: Right-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the systemic venous
circulation. This increased pressure forces fluid into the peripheral tissues, causing edema,
and into the peritoneal cavity, causing ascites.
