Page 1 of 163
EXAM 1, EXAM 2, EXAM 3 & FINAL EXAM: MH701 /
MH 701 (LATEST UPDATES STUDY
BUNDLE) PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGIC / NEUROSCIENCE
FOUNDATIONS OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT -
FRONTIER
Define bipolar I .....ANSWER.....Manic episodes, with or without
psychosis, and/or major depression.
Define bipolar II .....ANSWER.....Hypomanic episode with major
depression, no history of manic or mixed episode.
Define cyclothymia .....ANSWER.....Hypomanic & depressive
symptoms that do not meet criteria for bipolar II disorder; no
major depressive episodes.
Define bipolar disorders otherwise not specified.
.....ANSWER.....Does not meet criteria for major depression,
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bipolar I or II disorder, or cyclothymia (less than 1 week of manic
sx without psychosis or hospitalization.
Extreme mood swings that occur hourly or daily, should consider
what? .....ANSWER.....Other medical or psychiatric diagnosis
should be considered. Hypothyroidism, PTSD, borderline
personality disorder.
Mania after 40 is most likely what? .....ANSWER.....medical or
substance use.
Newly diagnosed mania is uncommon in who?
.....ANSWER.....children and adults over 65 years.
When do patients with bipolar usually present?
.....ANSWER.....depressive phase, not manic.
co-morbidity with bipolar: .....ANSWER.....anxiety disorders,
substance use disorders, personality disorders.
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etiology of bipolar .....ANSWER.....kindling theory is prominent
theory
kindling theory of bipolar etiology .....ANSWER.....multiple factors
that potentially interact & lower the threshold at which mood
changes occur. Eventually a mood episode can start itself and
become recurrent. Recurrent mood episodes are associated with
repeated physiological insults that add up and kindle, like a
spark bursting into flames. This could compromise endogenous
compensatory mechanisms leading to cell apoptosis that in turn
causes requiring of the brain circuits involved in mood regulation
and cognition. This could render one more vulnerable to the
effects of stressors, increasing risk of future episodes and thus
perpetuating the vicious spiral.
Bipolar etiology: Environmental .....ANSWER.....1. Sleep
deprivation = trigger mania.
2. Hypersomnia= trigger MDD.
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3. traumatic and/or abusive events in childhood.
4. Potential that those with diurnal pattern are affected mostly
by fluctuating light and temperature.
Bipolar etiology: Biological: .....ANSWER.....1. Genetics: studies
have shown identical twins are far more concordant for mod
disorders than fraternal twins.
2. Overall heritability of bipolar spectrum has been put at 0.71.
3. Between 4 & 24% of first degree relatives of individuals with
bipolar I disorder are also diagnosed with bipolar I disorder.
Bipolar etiology: Neural processes: .....ANSWER.....1.
Hypersensitivity of melatonin receptors.
2. Structural abnormalities of the amygdala, hippocampus, and
pre-frontal cortex.
3. Larger lateral ventricles.
EXAM 1, EXAM 2, EXAM 3 & FINAL EXAM: MH701 /
MH 701 (LATEST UPDATES STUDY
BUNDLE) PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGIC / NEUROSCIENCE
FOUNDATIONS OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT -
FRONTIER
Define bipolar I .....ANSWER.....Manic episodes, with or without
psychosis, and/or major depression.
Define bipolar II .....ANSWER.....Hypomanic episode with major
depression, no history of manic or mixed episode.
Define cyclothymia .....ANSWER.....Hypomanic & depressive
symptoms that do not meet criteria for bipolar II disorder; no
major depressive episodes.
Define bipolar disorders otherwise not specified.
.....ANSWER.....Does not meet criteria for major depression,
,Page 2 of 163
bipolar I or II disorder, or cyclothymia (less than 1 week of manic
sx without psychosis or hospitalization.
Extreme mood swings that occur hourly or daily, should consider
what? .....ANSWER.....Other medical or psychiatric diagnosis
should be considered. Hypothyroidism, PTSD, borderline
personality disorder.
Mania after 40 is most likely what? .....ANSWER.....medical or
substance use.
Newly diagnosed mania is uncommon in who?
.....ANSWER.....children and adults over 65 years.
When do patients with bipolar usually present?
.....ANSWER.....depressive phase, not manic.
co-morbidity with bipolar: .....ANSWER.....anxiety disorders,
substance use disorders, personality disorders.
,Page 3 of 163
etiology of bipolar .....ANSWER.....kindling theory is prominent
theory
kindling theory of bipolar etiology .....ANSWER.....multiple factors
that potentially interact & lower the threshold at which mood
changes occur. Eventually a mood episode can start itself and
become recurrent. Recurrent mood episodes are associated with
repeated physiological insults that add up and kindle, like a
spark bursting into flames. This could compromise endogenous
compensatory mechanisms leading to cell apoptosis that in turn
causes requiring of the brain circuits involved in mood regulation
and cognition. This could render one more vulnerable to the
effects of stressors, increasing risk of future episodes and thus
perpetuating the vicious spiral.
Bipolar etiology: Environmental .....ANSWER.....1. Sleep
deprivation = trigger mania.
2. Hypersomnia= trigger MDD.
, Page 4 of 163
3. traumatic and/or abusive events in childhood.
4. Potential that those with diurnal pattern are affected mostly
by fluctuating light and temperature.
Bipolar etiology: Biological: .....ANSWER.....1. Genetics: studies
have shown identical twins are far more concordant for mod
disorders than fraternal twins.
2. Overall heritability of bipolar spectrum has been put at 0.71.
3. Between 4 & 24% of first degree relatives of individuals with
bipolar I disorder are also diagnosed with bipolar I disorder.
Bipolar etiology: Neural processes: .....ANSWER.....1.
Hypersensitivity of melatonin receptors.
2. Structural abnormalities of the amygdala, hippocampus, and
pre-frontal cortex.
3. Larger lateral ventricles.
