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NBME CBSE PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE NEWEST 2025
EXAM 200 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS (100% CORRECT) /A+ GRADE ASSURED
What is a case series? .....ANSWER.....Description of clinical
findings/symptoms for several patients with the same diagnosis,
treatment, or outcome.
What is a cross-sectional study? .....ANSWER.....Assesses the
frequency of disease and risk-related factors in the present.
What is a case-control study? .....ANSWER.....Retrospectively
compares a group of people with a disease to a group without
the disease to determine if odds of prior exposure/risk factor
differ.
What is a cohort study? .....ANSWER.....Compares a group of
people with a given exposure/risk factor to a group without
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exposure to determine if the exposure/risk factor is associated
with later development of disease.
What is a twin concordance study? .....ANSWER.....Compares the
frequency with which both monozygotic twins vs both dizygotic
twins develop the same disease to measure heritability and
influence of environmental factors.
What is an adoption study? .....ANSWER.....Compares behavioral
traits/genetics in siblings raised by biological vs adoptive
parents to measure heritability and influence of environmental
factors.
What is an ecological study? .....ANSWER.....Compares the
frequency of disease and risk-related factors across populations
to measure population data (not applicable to individuals).
What is a clinic therapeutic trial? .....ANSWER.....An experimental
study involving humans that compares the benefits of two or more
interventions.
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What are the criteria for a high-quality clinical trial?
.....ANSWER.....Randomized, controlled, and double-blinded
What is a crossover clinical trial? .....ANSWER.....Compares the
effect of multiple treatments on a subject
What is the purpose of randomizing the order of treatments in a
crossover trial? .....ANSWER.....To avoid bias
What is a washout period in a crossover trial? .....ANSWER.....A
period between treatments to eliminate any lingering effects
What is the advantage of using a crossover trial?
.....ANSWER.....Subjects serve as their own controls
What is the intention-to-treat analysis? .....ANSWER.....Analyzing
all subjects according to their original assigned treatment
What is the purpose of intention-to-treat analysis?
.....ANSWER.....To avoid bias from attrition, crossover, and
noncompliance
NBME CBSE PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE NEWEST 2025
EXAM 200 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS (100% CORRECT) /A+ GRADE ASSURED
What is a case series? .....ANSWER.....Description of clinical
findings/symptoms for several patients with the same diagnosis,
treatment, or outcome.
What is a cross-sectional study? .....ANSWER.....Assesses the
frequency of disease and risk-related factors in the present.
What is a case-control study? .....ANSWER.....Retrospectively
compares a group of people with a disease to a group without
the disease to determine if odds of prior exposure/risk factor
differ.
What is a cohort study? .....ANSWER.....Compares a group of
people with a given exposure/risk factor to a group without
,Page 2 of 26
exposure to determine if the exposure/risk factor is associated
with later development of disease.
What is a twin concordance study? .....ANSWER.....Compares the
frequency with which both monozygotic twins vs both dizygotic
twins develop the same disease to measure heritability and
influence of environmental factors.
What is an adoption study? .....ANSWER.....Compares behavioral
traits/genetics in siblings raised by biological vs adoptive
parents to measure heritability and influence of environmental
factors.
What is an ecological study? .....ANSWER.....Compares the
frequency of disease and risk-related factors across populations
to measure population data (not applicable to individuals).
What is a clinic therapeutic trial? .....ANSWER.....An experimental
study involving humans that compares the benefits of two or more
interventions.
, Page 3 of 26
What are the criteria for a high-quality clinical trial?
.....ANSWER.....Randomized, controlled, and double-blinded
What is a crossover clinical trial? .....ANSWER.....Compares the
effect of multiple treatments on a subject
What is the purpose of randomizing the order of treatments in a
crossover trial? .....ANSWER.....To avoid bias
What is a washout period in a crossover trial? .....ANSWER.....A
period between treatments to eliminate any lingering effects
What is the advantage of using a crossover trial?
.....ANSWER.....Subjects serve as their own controls
What is the intention-to-treat analysis? .....ANSWER.....Analyzing
all subjects according to their original assigned treatment
What is the purpose of intention-to-treat analysis?
.....ANSWER.....To avoid bias from attrition, crossover, and
noncompliance
