SPI MOCK EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED
PASS <RECENT VERSION>
SPI Mock Exam Study Guide 2026: Physics, Instrumentation, and Safety
Section 1: Ultrasound Principles and Transducers
1. What is the typical frequency range for diagnostic ultrasound?
A. 1 - 10 Hz
B. 20 Hz - 20,000 Hz
C. 2 - 15 MHz
D. 100 - 1000 MHz
2. The piezoelectric effect is:
A. The creation of a voltage when sound pressure deforms a crystal.
B. The heating of tissue due to sound absorption.
C. The change in frequency due to reflector motion.
D. The scattering of sound at a rough interface.
3. Which of the following describes the primary function of the damping material in a
transducer?
A. To increase the sensitivity
B. To shorten the spatial pulse length and improve axial resolution
C. To steer the ultrasound beam
D. To match the impedance of the skin
4. The matching layer of a transducer is designed to:
A. Protect the patient from electrical shock.
B. Shorten the pulse length.
C. Reduce the acoustic impedance difference between the element and the tissue.
D. Increase the quality factor (Q-factor).
5. A transducer with a high Q-factor is typically associated with:
A. Improved lateral resolution.
B. A wider bandwidth.
C. Longer spatial pulse length and lower damping.
D. Shorter pulse duration.
,6. The near zone length (Near Field) is increased by:
A. Decreasing the transducer frequency.
B. Increasing the transducer diameter and/or frequency.
C. Using a backing material with higher impedance.
D. Decreasing the propagation speed of the medium.
7. Lateral resolution is best described as:
A. The ability to distinguish two structures parallel to the sound beam.
B. The ability to distinguish two structures close together perpendicular to the sound beam.
C. The minimal distance that two structures can be apart and still be identified as separate.
D. The ability to accurately measure the velocity of blood flow.
8. Axial resolution is primarily dependent on:
A. Transducer diameter.
B. Spatial Pulse Length (SPL).
C. Beam width.
D. Acoustic power.
9. If the frequency of a transducer is increased, the attenuation in soft tissue will:
A. Decrease.
B. Remain the same.
C. Increase.
D. Become unpredictable.
10. Which type of resolution is improved by focusing the ultrasound beam?
A. Temporal resolution
B. Axial resolution
C. Lateral resolution
D. Contrast resolution
Section 2: Pulse-Echo Instrumentation
11. The component that converts the electrical energy from the pulser into acoustic energy
is the:
A. Receiver.
B. Scan converter.
C. Pulser.
D. Transducer.
12. The primary function of the receiver is to:
A. Transmit the ultrasound pulse.
, B. Process the returning echoes.
C. Store the image for display.
D. Control the pulse repetition frequency.
13. Which receiver function corrects for attenuation with depth?
A. Demodulation
B. Compression
C. Rejection
D. Compensation (Time Gain Compensation - TGC)
14. The process of converting the negative portion of the voltage to positive is called:
A. Amplification.
B. Compensation.
C. Rectification.
D. Rejection.
15. The process of smoothing the "bumps" out of the rectified signal is called:
A. Rejection.
B. Demodulation.
C. Enveloping.
D. Compression.
16. Rejection (or threshold) is used to:
A. Amplify weak signals.
B. Eliminate low-amplitude noise from the image.
C. Correct for beam divergence.
D. Increase the frame rate.
17. The dynamic range of a signal is:
A. The range of frequencies in the pulse.
B. The ratio of the largest to the smallest power the system can handle.
C. The number of frames displayed per second.
D. The range of depths that can be imaged.
18. The memory component that stores the image in a digital format is the:
A. Pulser.
B. Scan converter.
C. TGC.
D. Transducer.
19. A pixel's stored number representing brightness is called the:
A. Matrix.
B. Bit.
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED
PASS <RECENT VERSION>
SPI Mock Exam Study Guide 2026: Physics, Instrumentation, and Safety
Section 1: Ultrasound Principles and Transducers
1. What is the typical frequency range for diagnostic ultrasound?
A. 1 - 10 Hz
B. 20 Hz - 20,000 Hz
C. 2 - 15 MHz
D. 100 - 1000 MHz
2. The piezoelectric effect is:
A. The creation of a voltage when sound pressure deforms a crystal.
B. The heating of tissue due to sound absorption.
C. The change in frequency due to reflector motion.
D. The scattering of sound at a rough interface.
3. Which of the following describes the primary function of the damping material in a
transducer?
A. To increase the sensitivity
B. To shorten the spatial pulse length and improve axial resolution
C. To steer the ultrasound beam
D. To match the impedance of the skin
4. The matching layer of a transducer is designed to:
A. Protect the patient from electrical shock.
B. Shorten the pulse length.
C. Reduce the acoustic impedance difference between the element and the tissue.
D. Increase the quality factor (Q-factor).
5. A transducer with a high Q-factor is typically associated with:
A. Improved lateral resolution.
B. A wider bandwidth.
C. Longer spatial pulse length and lower damping.
D. Shorter pulse duration.
,6. The near zone length (Near Field) is increased by:
A. Decreasing the transducer frequency.
B. Increasing the transducer diameter and/or frequency.
C. Using a backing material with higher impedance.
D. Decreasing the propagation speed of the medium.
7. Lateral resolution is best described as:
A. The ability to distinguish two structures parallel to the sound beam.
B. The ability to distinguish two structures close together perpendicular to the sound beam.
C. The minimal distance that two structures can be apart and still be identified as separate.
D. The ability to accurately measure the velocity of blood flow.
8. Axial resolution is primarily dependent on:
A. Transducer diameter.
B. Spatial Pulse Length (SPL).
C. Beam width.
D. Acoustic power.
9. If the frequency of a transducer is increased, the attenuation in soft tissue will:
A. Decrease.
B. Remain the same.
C. Increase.
D. Become unpredictable.
10. Which type of resolution is improved by focusing the ultrasound beam?
A. Temporal resolution
B. Axial resolution
C. Lateral resolution
D. Contrast resolution
Section 2: Pulse-Echo Instrumentation
11. The component that converts the electrical energy from the pulser into acoustic energy
is the:
A. Receiver.
B. Scan converter.
C. Pulser.
D. Transducer.
12. The primary function of the receiver is to:
A. Transmit the ultrasound pulse.
, B. Process the returning echoes.
C. Store the image for display.
D. Control the pulse repetition frequency.
13. Which receiver function corrects for attenuation with depth?
A. Demodulation
B. Compression
C. Rejection
D. Compensation (Time Gain Compensation - TGC)
14. The process of converting the negative portion of the voltage to positive is called:
A. Amplification.
B. Compensation.
C. Rectification.
D. Rejection.
15. The process of smoothing the "bumps" out of the rectified signal is called:
A. Rejection.
B. Demodulation.
C. Enveloping.
D. Compression.
16. Rejection (or threshold) is used to:
A. Amplify weak signals.
B. Eliminate low-amplitude noise from the image.
C. Correct for beam divergence.
D. Increase the frame rate.
17. The dynamic range of a signal is:
A. The range of frequencies in the pulse.
B. The ratio of the largest to the smallest power the system can handle.
C. The number of frames displayed per second.
D. The range of depths that can be imaged.
18. The memory component that stores the image in a digital format is the:
A. Pulser.
B. Scan converter.
C. TGC.
D. Transducer.
19. A pixel's stored number representing brightness is called the:
A. Matrix.
B. Bit.
