RN ATI Capstone Pharmacology 2 2016

RN ATI Capstone Pharmacology 2 2016 RN ATI Capstone Pharmacology 2 2016 Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies *Miscellaneous Central Nervous System Medications: Treatment for Urinary Retention • Bethanechol, a muscarinic agonist, is used for urinary retention. • Acetylcholine • Cevimeline • Pilocarpine • Therapeutic Uses • Nonobstructive urinary retention, usually postoperatively or postpartum Nursing Considerations • Instruct clients to report adverse effects if they occur. • Monitor for bradycardia and hypotension. • Administer on an empty stomach to reduce effects. *Complications: Gastric acid secretion, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, sweating, tearing, urinary urgency, bradycardia and hypotension; bronchoconstriction. Contradictions/Precautions Contraindicated in clients who have urinary or gastrointestinal obstruction, peptic ulcer disease, coronary insufficiency, asthma and hyperthyroidism. Nursing Administration • Administer by oral route, 1 hr. before or 2 hr. after meals to minimize nausea and vomiting. • Monitor I&O *Eye and Ear Disorders: Adverse Effects of Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Glaucoma is a frequent cause of blindness. Damage to the optic nerve occurs when aqueous humor does not exit from the anterior chamber of the eye. This results in the buildup of aqueous humor, increased intraocular pressure (IOP), and loss of vision Non-selective Beta-Adrenergic Blockers (Both beta1and beta 2 properties) • Timolol • Carteolol • Metipranolol • Levobunolo Beta blockers decrease IOP by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor produced. Therapeutic Uses: Topical beta blockers are used primarily to treat POAG. They can be prescribed in combination with other topical medications to lower IOP. These medications are occasionally used to treat acute closed angle glaucoma on an emergency basis. Complicatioins: Nursing Considerations: Educate clients that this effect is transient. • Stinging discomfort Instruct clients to report these effects to the provider. • Occasional conjunctivitis • Blurred vision • Photophobia • Dry eyes ,…………………………….CONTINUED………………………………