AP BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Humans produce sweat as a cooling mechanism
to maintain a stable internal temperature. Which
of the following best explains how the properties
of water contribute to this physiological process? - Correct Answers -The high heat of
vaporization of water
allows the body to remove excess heat
through a phase change of water from
liquid to gas
A student placed a semipermeable membrane
inside a U-shaped channel with two chambers,
as shown. The membrane permits the movement
of water but not salt. The student wants to vary
the rate of osmosis that occurs across the
membrane. Which of the following
experimental designs will result in the fastest net
rate of water movement into chamber A? - Correct Answers -Placing salt water in
chamber A and
distilled water in chamber B
Which of the following best describes the role of
water in photosynthesis? - Correct Answers -Water molecules donate electrons to the
electron transport chain
What evolutionary advantage does
compartmentalization of core metabolic
processes offer eukaryotes? - Correct Answers -Evolution of a nucleus in eukaryotes
separates the processes of transcription
and translation and they can be regulated
separately
Which of the following best describes the
cellular location where pyruvate dehydrogenase
is most likely active? - Correct Answers -The mitochondrial matrix
The maximum production rate of acetyl-CoA
,under condition 1 is closest to which of the
following? - Correct Answers -1 micromole/sec
Which of the following observations provides
the best evidence that acetyl-CoA negatively
regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase activity? - Correct Answers -The rate of the pyruvate
dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction is
slower in the presence of a higher
concentration of acetyl-CoA
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic
disease most commonly linked to a mutation in
the a -subunit of the mitochondrial enzyme that
causes the enzyme to cease functioning. As a
result of the mutation, affected individuals build
up dangerous amounts of lactic acid. Which of
the following best explains the buildup of lactic
acid in individuals with the mutation? - Correct Answers -Cells undergo fermentation
because
pyruvate cannot be metabolized to
proceed into the Krebs cycle
The diagram shows how water can adhere to the
xylem in the stems of plants, which contributes
to water movement in the plant. Which of the
following best explains how water is able to
move upward from the roots of a plant, through
its xylem in the stem, and out to the leaves? - Correct Answers -Water and the xylem
are both polar. Water
molecules have the ability to form
hydrogen bonds with each other and with
the walls of the xylem
Protein X activates gene expression only in cells
exposed to a specific signaling molecule. In a
study, researchers determined the intracellular
location of Protein X in cultured cells both
before and after exposing the cells to the
signaling molecule. The results of the study are
shown in the diagram - Correct Answers -Protein X is a transcription factor
The hormone prolactin has varying effects in
many different animal species. All vertebrates
produce prolactin, which is involved in signal
transduction pathways. In mammals, prolactin
stimulates the production of milk in mammary
,glands. In fish, prolactin plays an important role
in osmoregulation. In birds, prolactin is
involved in lipid metabolism.
Which of the following best explains the
presence of prolactin in various vertebrate
species? - Correct Answers -Prolactin is a homologous hormone
because it has a common origin but
different functions in various species
Which of the following best describes the
production of DMSP by coral and coral
symbionts? - Correct Answers -A negative feedback mechanism that
reverses the environmental change
Which of the following best describes the effect
of temperature on corals' ability to produce
DMSP as shown in Figure 1 ? - Correct Answers -Both juvenile and adult corals
produce less
DMSP at 27°C than at 32°C
Which of the following best describes the
difference between the total amount of DMSP
produced by adults compared to juveniles at the
start of the 32°C trial? - Correct Answers -Adult corals produced 5 times more DMSP
than juveniles produced.
In addition to the effect of temperature on
DMSP produced by corals and their symbionts,
which of the following relationships is also
being considered in this experiment? - Correct Answers -Effect of additional DMSP
produced by
symbionts and the corals' age
Which of the following best describes the
scientists' findings concerning the density of
symbionts presented in Figure 2 ? - Correct Answers -The symbiont density at 32°C
was
different from the density at 27°C on
days 5 and 10 of the experiment
Which of the following best explains the result
of adult corals being exposed to elevated
temperatures for extended periods? - Correct Answers -They are able to obtain less
energy from
their symbionts because the algae have
been expelled
, A particular gene has two alleles, a dominant
allele A and a recessive allele a. The frequency
of allele A is 0.55. If the population is in
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to the
gene, then what is the expected frequency of
genotype Aa ? - Correct Answers -0.495
Based on the codon chart above, which of the
following amino acid changes is most likely
found in the mutated protein? - Correct Answers -Glu → Val
Figure 1 shows the inheritance of a particular
genetic condition in three generations of one
family. Which of the following best explains the
observed pattern of inheritance? - Correct Answers -The condition is passed from
mothers to
offspring via a mitochondrial gene
Oncogenes are genes that can cause tumor
formation as a result of a particular mutation.
Which of the following potential therapies
would be most effective at preventing the
expression of an oncogene? - Correct Answers -Introducing a chemical that binds to
transcription factors associated with the
oncogene's promoter
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can damage DNA by
breaking weak bonds. Which of the following
best explains how this occurs? - Correct Answers -UV radiation disrupts the double
helix
structure by breaking the hydrogen bonds
between the nitrogenous base pairs
Based on the data in the table, which of the following lizard species are most closely
related? - Correct Answers -Species E and species D
Figure 1 shows a model of the endocrine
signaling pathway that regulates ovulation.
Which of the following observations would
provide evidence of a positive feedback
mechanism in this system? - Correct Answers -Estrogen from the ovaries stimulates the
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to
secrete more GnRH, LH, and FSH
In which of the following tubes did the greatest
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Humans produce sweat as a cooling mechanism
to maintain a stable internal temperature. Which
of the following best explains how the properties
of water contribute to this physiological process? - Correct Answers -The high heat of
vaporization of water
allows the body to remove excess heat
through a phase change of water from
liquid to gas
A student placed a semipermeable membrane
inside a U-shaped channel with two chambers,
as shown. The membrane permits the movement
of water but not salt. The student wants to vary
the rate of osmosis that occurs across the
membrane. Which of the following
experimental designs will result in the fastest net
rate of water movement into chamber A? - Correct Answers -Placing salt water in
chamber A and
distilled water in chamber B
Which of the following best describes the role of
water in photosynthesis? - Correct Answers -Water molecules donate electrons to the
electron transport chain
What evolutionary advantage does
compartmentalization of core metabolic
processes offer eukaryotes? - Correct Answers -Evolution of a nucleus in eukaryotes
separates the processes of transcription
and translation and they can be regulated
separately
Which of the following best describes the
cellular location where pyruvate dehydrogenase
is most likely active? - Correct Answers -The mitochondrial matrix
The maximum production rate of acetyl-CoA
,under condition 1 is closest to which of the
following? - Correct Answers -1 micromole/sec
Which of the following observations provides
the best evidence that acetyl-CoA negatively
regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase activity? - Correct Answers -The rate of the pyruvate
dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction is
slower in the presence of a higher
concentration of acetyl-CoA
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic
disease most commonly linked to a mutation in
the a -subunit of the mitochondrial enzyme that
causes the enzyme to cease functioning. As a
result of the mutation, affected individuals build
up dangerous amounts of lactic acid. Which of
the following best explains the buildup of lactic
acid in individuals with the mutation? - Correct Answers -Cells undergo fermentation
because
pyruvate cannot be metabolized to
proceed into the Krebs cycle
The diagram shows how water can adhere to the
xylem in the stems of plants, which contributes
to water movement in the plant. Which of the
following best explains how water is able to
move upward from the roots of a plant, through
its xylem in the stem, and out to the leaves? - Correct Answers -Water and the xylem
are both polar. Water
molecules have the ability to form
hydrogen bonds with each other and with
the walls of the xylem
Protein X activates gene expression only in cells
exposed to a specific signaling molecule. In a
study, researchers determined the intracellular
location of Protein X in cultured cells both
before and after exposing the cells to the
signaling molecule. The results of the study are
shown in the diagram - Correct Answers -Protein X is a transcription factor
The hormone prolactin has varying effects in
many different animal species. All vertebrates
produce prolactin, which is involved in signal
transduction pathways. In mammals, prolactin
stimulates the production of milk in mammary
,glands. In fish, prolactin plays an important role
in osmoregulation. In birds, prolactin is
involved in lipid metabolism.
Which of the following best explains the
presence of prolactin in various vertebrate
species? - Correct Answers -Prolactin is a homologous hormone
because it has a common origin but
different functions in various species
Which of the following best describes the
production of DMSP by coral and coral
symbionts? - Correct Answers -A negative feedback mechanism that
reverses the environmental change
Which of the following best describes the effect
of temperature on corals' ability to produce
DMSP as shown in Figure 1 ? - Correct Answers -Both juvenile and adult corals
produce less
DMSP at 27°C than at 32°C
Which of the following best describes the
difference between the total amount of DMSP
produced by adults compared to juveniles at the
start of the 32°C trial? - Correct Answers -Adult corals produced 5 times more DMSP
than juveniles produced.
In addition to the effect of temperature on
DMSP produced by corals and their symbionts,
which of the following relationships is also
being considered in this experiment? - Correct Answers -Effect of additional DMSP
produced by
symbionts and the corals' age
Which of the following best describes the
scientists' findings concerning the density of
symbionts presented in Figure 2 ? - Correct Answers -The symbiont density at 32°C
was
different from the density at 27°C on
days 5 and 10 of the experiment
Which of the following best explains the result
of adult corals being exposed to elevated
temperatures for extended periods? - Correct Answers -They are able to obtain less
energy from
their symbionts because the algae have
been expelled
, A particular gene has two alleles, a dominant
allele A and a recessive allele a. The frequency
of allele A is 0.55. If the population is in
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to the
gene, then what is the expected frequency of
genotype Aa ? - Correct Answers -0.495
Based on the codon chart above, which of the
following amino acid changes is most likely
found in the mutated protein? - Correct Answers -Glu → Val
Figure 1 shows the inheritance of a particular
genetic condition in three generations of one
family. Which of the following best explains the
observed pattern of inheritance? - Correct Answers -The condition is passed from
mothers to
offspring via a mitochondrial gene
Oncogenes are genes that can cause tumor
formation as a result of a particular mutation.
Which of the following potential therapies
would be most effective at preventing the
expression of an oncogene? - Correct Answers -Introducing a chemical that binds to
transcription factors associated with the
oncogene's promoter
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can damage DNA by
breaking weak bonds. Which of the following
best explains how this occurs? - Correct Answers -UV radiation disrupts the double
helix
structure by breaking the hydrogen bonds
between the nitrogenous base pairs
Based on the data in the table, which of the following lizard species are most closely
related? - Correct Answers -Species E and species D
Figure 1 shows a model of the endocrine
signaling pathway that regulates ovulation.
Which of the following observations would
provide evidence of a positive feedback
mechanism in this system? - Correct Answers -Estrogen from the ovaries stimulates the
hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to
secrete more GnRH, LH, and FSH
In which of the following tubes did the greatest
