Campbell biology chapter 35. Plant
structure, growth, and development
Exam Q’S AND A’S
Animals typically respond to changes in their environment by movement. How do
plants respond to changes? - answer- by altering their growth
In angiosperms, reproductive growth is associated with the production of what? -
answer- Flowers
What are the three basic plant organs? - answer- roots, stems, and leaves
What kind of root system do tall, erect plant with large shoot masses typically have?
- answer- a taproot system
What root system do small plants that are susceptible to grazing animals typically
have? - answer- a fiberous root system
Which is better at preventing soil erosion, plants with a taproot system or plants with
a fibrous root system? - answer- Fibrous root system
Where does the absorption of water and minerals primarily occur? - answer- At the
tips of elongating roots, where root hairs are present
Buttress Roots - answer- ariel roots that resemble buttresses; give architectural
support to tall trees. Common in the moist tropics. Example: Gyranthera caribensis
"Strangling" aerial roots - answer- roots that wrap around host trees and other
objects. Shoots grow upward and shade out the host tree, therefor killing it. Ex.
Strangler Fig
Prop Roots - answer- Support tall,top heavy plants. Resemble stilts. Ex; maize
(corn), red mangrove
Pneumatophores - answer- Aka air roots; produced by trees that inhabit tidal
swamps. Project above the water's surface at low tide in order to obtain oxygen in
the waterlogged mud. Ex: Black Mangroves. Fun fact: Sometimes referred to as
"dead man's fingers"
What is the chief function of the stem? - answer- To elongate the shoot in order to
maximize photosynthesis by the leaves.
Nodes - answer- The points on a stem where leaves are attached
Apical bud - answer- the growing shoot type; most of the growth of a young shoot is
concentrated here
structure, growth, and development
Exam Q’S AND A’S
Animals typically respond to changes in their environment by movement. How do
plants respond to changes? - answer- by altering their growth
In angiosperms, reproductive growth is associated with the production of what? -
answer- Flowers
What are the three basic plant organs? - answer- roots, stems, and leaves
What kind of root system do tall, erect plant with large shoot masses typically have?
- answer- a taproot system
What root system do small plants that are susceptible to grazing animals typically
have? - answer- a fiberous root system
Which is better at preventing soil erosion, plants with a taproot system or plants with
a fibrous root system? - answer- Fibrous root system
Where does the absorption of water and minerals primarily occur? - answer- At the
tips of elongating roots, where root hairs are present
Buttress Roots - answer- ariel roots that resemble buttresses; give architectural
support to tall trees. Common in the moist tropics. Example: Gyranthera caribensis
"Strangling" aerial roots - answer- roots that wrap around host trees and other
objects. Shoots grow upward and shade out the host tree, therefor killing it. Ex.
Strangler Fig
Prop Roots - answer- Support tall,top heavy plants. Resemble stilts. Ex; maize
(corn), red mangrove
Pneumatophores - answer- Aka air roots; produced by trees that inhabit tidal
swamps. Project above the water's surface at low tide in order to obtain oxygen in
the waterlogged mud. Ex: Black Mangroves. Fun fact: Sometimes referred to as
"dead man's fingers"
What is the chief function of the stem? - answer- To elongate the shoot in order to
maximize photosynthesis by the leaves.
Nodes - answer- The points on a stem where leaves are attached
Apical bud - answer- the growing shoot type; most of the growth of a young shoot is
concentrated here
