Campbell biology chapter 12 EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!

Campbell biology chapter 12 EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!! sister chromatid - Answer- joined copies of original chromosomes chromatin - Answer- complex of macromolecules found in cells, consisting of DNA, protein, and RNA. somatic cells - Answer- all body cells except the reproductive cells, 46 chromosomes gametes - Answer- reproductive cells, sperm and egg centromere - Answer- region of chromosomal DNA where chromatid is attached most closely to sister chromatid cell cycle - Answer- life of a cell from the times its formed until its own division genome - Answer- a cell's genetic info chromosome - Answer- structure that holds all DNA mitotic (M) phase - Answer- division of genetic material in the nucleus, includes mitosis and followed by cytokinesis, usually shortest part of cell interphase - Answer- 90% of the cycle. it is divided into subphases- longest phase of the cell cycle- contains G1,S, and G2 phases G1 phase - Answer- first gap- cell grows S phase - Answer- synthesis- copies DNA G2 phase - Answer- second gap- cell grows and has more organelles prophase - Answer- first stage mitosis, in which the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes visible with a light microscope, the mitotic spindle begins to form, and the nucleoulus disappear , centromsomes move away from each other. prometaphase - Answer- second stage of mitosis, in which the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes metaphase - Answer- "middle", third stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete and the chromosomes are aligned with the metaphase plate anaphase - Answer- "away", fourth stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell- shortest stage of mitosis telophase - Answer- fifth and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has begun- chromosomes become less dense mitotic spindle - Answer- begins to form in cytoplasm during prophase aster - Answer- radial array of short microtubules extends from each centrosome kinetchore - Answer- structure made up of proteins that have assembled on specific sections of DNA at each centromere metaphase plate - Answer- imaginary plate, midway between the spindle's two poles cleavage furrow - Answer- animal cells only, shallow groove in cell surface near the old metaphase plate cell plate - Answer- plant cells only, membrane bounded, flattened sac located at the midline of dividing plant cell, new cell wall forms during cytokinesis