CAMPBELL BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(RATED
A+)
species - ANSWERgroup of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile
offspring
population - ANSWERgroup of individuals of the same species that live in the same
area
autotroph - ANSWERorganism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals
and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
producer - ANSWERorganism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals
and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph
photosynthesis - ANSWERprocess by which plants and some other organisms use
light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy
carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
chemosythesis - ANSWERprocess by which some organisms, such as certain
bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
heterotroph - ANSWERorganism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes;
also called a consumer
consumer - ANSWERorganism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food
supply; also called a heterotroph
relative frequency - ANSWERnumber of times an allele occurs in a gene pool
compared with the number of times other alleles occur
single-gene trait - ANSWERtrait controlled by a single gene that has two alleles
polygenic trait - ANSWERtrait controlled by two or more genes
directional selection - ANSWERform of natural selection in which the entire curve
moves; occurs when individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness
than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve
stabilizing selection - ANSWERform of natural selection by which the center of the
curve remains in its current position; occurs when individuals near the center of a
distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end
, herbivore - ANSWERorganism that obtains energy by eating only plants
carnivore - ANSWERorganism that obtains energy by eating animals
detritivore - ANSWERorganism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other
dead matter
decomposer - ANSWERorganism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead
organic matter
food chain - ANSWERseries of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer
energy by eating and being eaten
phytoplankton - ANSWERpopulation of algae and other small, photosynthetic
organisms found near the surface of the ocean and forming part of plankton
food vacuole - ANSWERsmall cavity in the cytoplasm of protists that temporarily
stores food
cilium - ANSWERshort hairlike projection similar to a flagellum; produces movement
in many cells
conjugation - ANSWERform of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some
prokaryotes exchange genetic information
prokaryote - ANSWERunicellular organism lacking a nucleus
bacillus - ANSWERrod-shaped prokaryote
coccus - ANSWERspherical prokaryote
spirillum - ANSWERspiral or corkscrew-shaped prokaryote
chemoheterotroph - ANSWERorganism that must take in organic molecules for both
energy and carbon
photoautotroph - ANSWERorganism that uses energy from sunlight to convert
carbon dioxide and water to carbon compounds
obligate aerobe - ANSWERorganism that requires a constant supply of oxygen in
order to live
obligate anaerobe - ANSWERorganism that cannot live in the presence of oxygen
facultative anaerobe - ANSWERorganism that can survive with or without oxygen
binary fission - ANSWERtype of asexual reproduction in which an organism
replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(RATED
A+)
species - ANSWERgroup of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile
offspring
population - ANSWERgroup of individuals of the same species that live in the same
area
autotroph - ANSWERorganism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals
and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
producer - ANSWERorganism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals
and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph
photosynthesis - ANSWERprocess by which plants and some other organisms use
light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy
carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
chemosythesis - ANSWERprocess by which some organisms, such as certain
bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
heterotroph - ANSWERorganism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes;
also called a consumer
consumer - ANSWERorganism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food
supply; also called a heterotroph
relative frequency - ANSWERnumber of times an allele occurs in a gene pool
compared with the number of times other alleles occur
single-gene trait - ANSWERtrait controlled by a single gene that has two alleles
polygenic trait - ANSWERtrait controlled by two or more genes
directional selection - ANSWERform of natural selection in which the entire curve
moves; occurs when individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness
than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve
stabilizing selection - ANSWERform of natural selection by which the center of the
curve remains in its current position; occurs when individuals near the center of a
distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end
, herbivore - ANSWERorganism that obtains energy by eating only plants
carnivore - ANSWERorganism that obtains energy by eating animals
detritivore - ANSWERorganism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other
dead matter
decomposer - ANSWERorganism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead
organic matter
food chain - ANSWERseries of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer
energy by eating and being eaten
phytoplankton - ANSWERpopulation of algae and other small, photosynthetic
organisms found near the surface of the ocean and forming part of plankton
food vacuole - ANSWERsmall cavity in the cytoplasm of protists that temporarily
stores food
cilium - ANSWERshort hairlike projection similar to a flagellum; produces movement
in many cells
conjugation - ANSWERform of sexual reproduction in which paramecia and some
prokaryotes exchange genetic information
prokaryote - ANSWERunicellular organism lacking a nucleus
bacillus - ANSWERrod-shaped prokaryote
coccus - ANSWERspherical prokaryote
spirillum - ANSWERspiral or corkscrew-shaped prokaryote
chemoheterotroph - ANSWERorganism that must take in organic molecules for both
energy and carbon
photoautotroph - ANSWERorganism that uses energy from sunlight to convert
carbon dioxide and water to carbon compounds
obligate aerobe - ANSWERorganism that requires a constant supply of oxygen in
order to live
obligate anaerobe - ANSWERorganism that cannot live in the presence of oxygen
facultative anaerobe - ANSWERorganism that can survive with or without oxygen
binary fission - ANSWERtype of asexual reproduction in which an organism
replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells
