CAMPBELL BIOLOGY CHAPTER 22
TEST PREPARATION QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
Which of the following statements best describes theories?
A) They are nearly the same things as hypotheses.
B) They are supported by, and make sense of, many observations.
C) They cannot be tested because the described events occurred only once.
D) They are predictions of future events. - ANSWERB) They are supported by, and
make sense of, many observations.
Catastrophism, meaning the regular occurrence of geological or meteorological
disturbances (catastrophes), was Cuvier's attempt to explain the existence of
A) evolution.
B) the fossil record.
C) uniformitarianism.
D) the origin of new species.
E) natural selection. - ANSWERB) the fossil record.
With what other idea of his time was Cuvier's theory of catastrophism most in
conflict?
A) gradualism
B) the fixity of species
C) island biogeography
D) uniformitarianism
E) the scala naturae - ANSWERD) uniformitarianism
Charles Darwin was the first person to propose
A) that evolution occurs.
B) a mechanism for how evolution occurs.
C) that Earth is older than a few thousand years.
D) a mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence.
E) that population growth can outpace the growth of food resources. - ANSWERD) a
mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence.
Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural
selection in a population over time?
A) All variation between individuals is due only to environmental factors.
B) The environment is changing at a relatively slow rate.
C) The population size is large.
D) The population lives in a habitat where there are no competing species present. -
ANSWERA) All variation between individuals is due only to environmental factors.
, What was the prevailing belief prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin?
A) Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging.
B) Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations gradually change.
C) Earth is millions of years old, and populations rapidly change.
D) Earth is millions of years old, and populations are unchanging.
E) Earth is millions of years old, and populations gradually change. - ANSWERA)
Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging.
During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The
giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited
longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting
this student's misconception?
A) Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on
through genes.
B) Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits.
C) Only favorable adaptations have survival value.
D) Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.
E) If the giraffes did not have to compete with each other, longer necks would not
have been passed on to the next generation. - ANSWERA) Characteristics acquired
during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.
Which of the following is the most accurate summary of Cuvier's consideration of
fossils found in the vicinity of Paris?
A) extinction of species yes; evolution of new species yes
B) extinction of species no; evolution of new species yes
C) extinction of species yes; evolution of new species no
D) extinction of species no; evolution of new species yes - ANSWERC) extinction of
species yes; evolution of new species no
In the mid-1900s, the Soviet geneticist Lysenko believed that his winter wheat plants,
exposed to ever-colder temperatures, would eventually give rise to ever more cold-
tolerant winter wheat. Lysenko's attempts in this regard were most in agreement with
the ideas of
A) Cuvier.
B) Hutton.
C) Lamarck.
D) Darwin.
E) Lyell. - ANSWERC) Lamarck.
Natural selection is based on all of the following except
A) genetic variation exists within populations.
B) the best-adapted individuals tend to leave the most offspring.
C) individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die
young.
D) populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support.
E) individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve. - ANSWERE)
individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve.
Which of the following represents an idea that Darwin learned from the writings of
Thomas Malthus?
TEST PREPARATION QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
Which of the following statements best describes theories?
A) They are nearly the same things as hypotheses.
B) They are supported by, and make sense of, many observations.
C) They cannot be tested because the described events occurred only once.
D) They are predictions of future events. - ANSWERB) They are supported by, and
make sense of, many observations.
Catastrophism, meaning the regular occurrence of geological or meteorological
disturbances (catastrophes), was Cuvier's attempt to explain the existence of
A) evolution.
B) the fossil record.
C) uniformitarianism.
D) the origin of new species.
E) natural selection. - ANSWERB) the fossil record.
With what other idea of his time was Cuvier's theory of catastrophism most in
conflict?
A) gradualism
B) the fixity of species
C) island biogeography
D) uniformitarianism
E) the scala naturae - ANSWERD) uniformitarianism
Charles Darwin was the first person to propose
A) that evolution occurs.
B) a mechanism for how evolution occurs.
C) that Earth is older than a few thousand years.
D) a mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence.
E) that population growth can outpace the growth of food resources. - ANSWERD) a
mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence.
Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural
selection in a population over time?
A) All variation between individuals is due only to environmental factors.
B) The environment is changing at a relatively slow rate.
C) The population size is large.
D) The population lives in a habitat where there are no competing species present. -
ANSWERA) All variation between individuals is due only to environmental factors.
, What was the prevailing belief prior to the time of Lyell and Darwin?
A) Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging.
B) Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations gradually change.
C) Earth is millions of years old, and populations rapidly change.
D) Earth is millions of years old, and populations are unchanging.
E) Earth is millions of years old, and populations gradually change. - ANSWERA)
Earth is a few thousand years old, and populations are unchanging.
During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The
giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited
longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting
this student's misconception?
A) Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on
through genes.
B) Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits.
C) Only favorable adaptations have survival value.
D) Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.
E) If the giraffes did not have to compete with each other, longer necks would not
have been passed on to the next generation. - ANSWERA) Characteristics acquired
during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.
Which of the following is the most accurate summary of Cuvier's consideration of
fossils found in the vicinity of Paris?
A) extinction of species yes; evolution of new species yes
B) extinction of species no; evolution of new species yes
C) extinction of species yes; evolution of new species no
D) extinction of species no; evolution of new species yes - ANSWERC) extinction of
species yes; evolution of new species no
In the mid-1900s, the Soviet geneticist Lysenko believed that his winter wheat plants,
exposed to ever-colder temperatures, would eventually give rise to ever more cold-
tolerant winter wheat. Lysenko's attempts in this regard were most in agreement with
the ideas of
A) Cuvier.
B) Hutton.
C) Lamarck.
D) Darwin.
E) Lyell. - ANSWERC) Lamarck.
Natural selection is based on all of the following except
A) genetic variation exists within populations.
B) the best-adapted individuals tend to leave the most offspring.
C) individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die
young.
D) populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support.
E) individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve. - ANSWERE)
individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve.
Which of the following represents an idea that Darwin learned from the writings of
Thomas Malthus?
