CAMPBELL BIOLOGY: CHAPTER 16
TEST PREPARATION QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
In his transformation experiments, what did Griffith observe? - ANSWERMixing a
heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria w/ a living nonpathogenic strain can convert
some of the living cells into the pathogenic form.
How do we describe transformation in bacteria? - ANSWERassimilation of external
DNA into a cell
After mixing a heat-killed, phosphorescent strain of bacteria with a living
nonphosphorescent strain, you discover that some of the living cells are now
phosphorescent. Which observations would provide the best evidence that the ability
to fluoresce is a heritable trait? - ANSWERDescendants of the living cells are also
phosphorescent.
In trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material, Hershey &
Chase made use of which of the following facts? - ANSWERDNA contains
phosphorus, whereas protein does not.
Which of the following investigators was/were responsible for the following
discovery? In DNA from any species, the amount of A = the amount of T, & the
amount of G = the amount of C. - ANSWERErwin Chargaff
C makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism.
Approximately what % of the nucleotides in this sample will be T? - ANSWER8%
Which of the following can be determined directly from X-ray diffraction photographs
of crystallized DNA? - ANSWERthe diameter of the helix
It became apparent to Watson & Crick after completion of their model that the DNA
molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in which of the
following? - ANSWERsequence of bases
In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA, which of the following will be
found? - ANSWERA + C = G + T
Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of the
following reasons? - ANSWERProkaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of
replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many.
What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up
DNA? - ANSWERThe 5' to 3' direction of 1 strand runs counter to the 5' to 3'
direction of the other strand.
, What is the function of DNA polymerase III? - ANSWERto add nucleotides to the 3'
end of a growing DNA strand
The difference b/w ATP & the nucleoside triphosphates used during DNA synthesis
is that - ANSWERthe nucleoside triphosphates have the sugar deoxyribose; ATP
has the sugar ribose
The leading & the lagging strands differ in that - ANSWERthe leading strand is
synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, & the
lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.
A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5' to 3' direction because - ANSWERDNA
polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3' end.
Suppose you are provided w/ an actively dividing culture of E. coli bacteria to which
radioactive T has been added. What would happen if a cell replicates once in the
presence of this radioactive base? - ANSWERDNA in both daughter cells would be
radioactive.
An Okazaki fragment has which of the following arrangements? - ANSWER5' RNA
nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 3'
In E. coli, there is a mutation in a gene called dnaB that alters the helicase that
normally acts at the origin. Which of the following would you expect as a result of this
mutation? - ANSWERNo replication fork will be formed.
Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5' → 3' direction? -
ANSWERDNA polymerase III
Eukaryotic telomeres replicate differently than the rest of the chromosome. This is a
consequence of which of the following? - ANSWERgaps left at the 5' end of the
lagging strand
The enzyme telomerase solves the problem of replication at the ends of linear
chromosomes by which method? - ANSWERadding numerous short DNA
sequences such as TTAGGG, which form a hairpin turn
The DNA of telomeres has been found to be highly conserved throughout the
evolution of eukaryotes. What does this most probably reflect? - ANSWERthat the
critical function of telomeres must be maintained
At a specific area of a chromosome, the sequence of nucleotides below is present
where the chain opens to form a replication fork:
3' C C T A G G C T G C A A T C C 5'
An RNA primer is formed starting at the underlined T (T) of the template. Which of
the following represents the primer sequence? - ANSWER5' A C G U U A G G 3'
TEST PREPARATION QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
In his transformation experiments, what did Griffith observe? - ANSWERMixing a
heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria w/ a living nonpathogenic strain can convert
some of the living cells into the pathogenic form.
How do we describe transformation in bacteria? - ANSWERassimilation of external
DNA into a cell
After mixing a heat-killed, phosphorescent strain of bacteria with a living
nonphosphorescent strain, you discover that some of the living cells are now
phosphorescent. Which observations would provide the best evidence that the ability
to fluoresce is a heritable trait? - ANSWERDescendants of the living cells are also
phosphorescent.
In trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material, Hershey &
Chase made use of which of the following facts? - ANSWERDNA contains
phosphorus, whereas protein does not.
Which of the following investigators was/were responsible for the following
discovery? In DNA from any species, the amount of A = the amount of T, & the
amount of G = the amount of C. - ANSWERErwin Chargaff
C makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism.
Approximately what % of the nucleotides in this sample will be T? - ANSWER8%
Which of the following can be determined directly from X-ray diffraction photographs
of crystallized DNA? - ANSWERthe diameter of the helix
It became apparent to Watson & Crick after completion of their model that the DNA
molecule could carry a vast amount of hereditary information in which of the
following? - ANSWERsequence of bases
In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA, which of the following will be
found? - ANSWERA + C = G + T
Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of the
following reasons? - ANSWERProkaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of
replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many.
What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up
DNA? - ANSWERThe 5' to 3' direction of 1 strand runs counter to the 5' to 3'
direction of the other strand.
, What is the function of DNA polymerase III? - ANSWERto add nucleotides to the 3'
end of a growing DNA strand
The difference b/w ATP & the nucleoside triphosphates used during DNA synthesis
is that - ANSWERthe nucleoside triphosphates have the sugar deoxyribose; ATP
has the sugar ribose
The leading & the lagging strands differ in that - ANSWERthe leading strand is
synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, & the
lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.
A new DNA strand elongates only in the 5' to 3' direction because - ANSWERDNA
polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3' end.
Suppose you are provided w/ an actively dividing culture of E. coli bacteria to which
radioactive T has been added. What would happen if a cell replicates once in the
presence of this radioactive base? - ANSWERDNA in both daughter cells would be
radioactive.
An Okazaki fragment has which of the following arrangements? - ANSWER5' RNA
nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 3'
In E. coli, there is a mutation in a gene called dnaB that alters the helicase that
normally acts at the origin. Which of the following would you expect as a result of this
mutation? - ANSWERNo replication fork will be formed.
Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5' → 3' direction? -
ANSWERDNA polymerase III
Eukaryotic telomeres replicate differently than the rest of the chromosome. This is a
consequence of which of the following? - ANSWERgaps left at the 5' end of the
lagging strand
The enzyme telomerase solves the problem of replication at the ends of linear
chromosomes by which method? - ANSWERadding numerous short DNA
sequences such as TTAGGG, which form a hairpin turn
The DNA of telomeres has been found to be highly conserved throughout the
evolution of eukaryotes. What does this most probably reflect? - ANSWERthat the
critical function of telomeres must be maintained
At a specific area of a chromosome, the sequence of nucleotides below is present
where the chain opens to form a replication fork:
3' C C T A G G C T G C A A T C C 5'
An RNA primer is formed starting at the underlined T (T) of the template. Which of
the following represents the primer sequence? - ANSWER5' A C G U U A G G 3'
