Page 1 of 21
NURSING 342 ACTUAL LATEST EXAM 1 BUNDLE
NEWEST 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
What are Systematic Reviews ......ANSWER........-They integrate
evidence from multiple studies
-Highest level of evidence on hierarchy
What is the purpose of conducting systematic reviews?
......ANSWER........-Inform EBP
-Summarize state of the science on a topic
-avoid making conclusions based on single studies
Types of systematic reviews ......ANSWER........Systematic review:
Broad 'umbrella' term for reviews
Meta-analysis: Review of QUANTitative studies using statistical
analyses
Metasynthesis: Review of QUALitative studies
Qualitative evidence synthesis: review of qualitative studies with
focus on interventions
Mixed studies review: review of mixed methods studies
Cochrane reviews: Organization that specializes in in-depth
reviews
Steps in systematic review ......ANSWER........*You do not need to
memorize the order of the steps, just be familiar with the general
activities that occur.
1.Formulate the question for the review
2.Define eligibility criteria for the primary studies
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3.Prepare a protocol for the review
4.Search for and retrieve primary studies
5.Select studies for inclusion in the review
6.Assess the quality of the selected primary studies
7.Extract data for analysis
8.Analyze and synthesize the data
9.Evaluate the degree of confidence in the results
10.Report the findings in a systematic review article
Approaches to evaluate study quality ......ANSWER........o
Researchers use quality assessment scales, checklists, tools to
'judge' the quality of studies that are being reviewed
o These assessments help guide decision-making for the review
Effect size & P value in meta-analysis ......ANSWER........o
Definition: A statistical way to tell us how big the intervention
effect is
o P value: Tell us whether a finding is significant, but do NOT tell
us the magnitude of the effect
o Comparison of studies' effect sizes are often depicted in Forest
plots
What is one method to calculate effect size? And what is the
goal of it? ......ANSWER........Cohen's d: It helps us determine the
difference in the outcome measure between two groups; i.e., the
magnitude of the effect of the intervention
Reporting guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analysis
......ANSWER........o PRISMA and MOOSE are two examples of
guidelines that researchers can use when reporting the results of
a systematic review and/or meta-analysis
, Page 3 of 21
Do we need IRB approval with systematic reviews?
......ANSWER........· IRB approval usually not necessary because
systematic reviews often use publicly available
material/resources and do not collect identifiable information
from research subjects
Potential ethical issues in systematic reviews? ......ANSWER........o
Systematic reviews may have studies with ethical problems—
which is why it is important to assess the quality of the studies
o Informed consent for original study usually does not apply to
the systematic review
o Participants from original studies did not know about potential
use of data in systematic review
o Systematic reviews may be prone to conflicts of interest
Possible ways to minimize ethical issues in systematic reviews
......ANSWER........o Conduct cost-benefit analysis to evaluate
potential benefits and risks to stakeholders
o Declare conflicts of interest and funding sources
o Consider impact of publication bias on the systematic review
o Evaluate the quality of the studies in the review
Definition of prognosis ......ANSWER........Prognosis refers to the
risk of future health outcomes in people with a given disease or
health condition.
Purpose of prognosis research ......ANSWER........o Purpose: To
evaluate the course of health-related conditions over time among
a specific sub-group of the population based on clinical or social
context
NURSING 342 ACTUAL LATEST EXAM 1 BUNDLE
NEWEST 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!
What are Systematic Reviews ......ANSWER........-They integrate
evidence from multiple studies
-Highest level of evidence on hierarchy
What is the purpose of conducting systematic reviews?
......ANSWER........-Inform EBP
-Summarize state of the science on a topic
-avoid making conclusions based on single studies
Types of systematic reviews ......ANSWER........Systematic review:
Broad 'umbrella' term for reviews
Meta-analysis: Review of QUANTitative studies using statistical
analyses
Metasynthesis: Review of QUALitative studies
Qualitative evidence synthesis: review of qualitative studies with
focus on interventions
Mixed studies review: review of mixed methods studies
Cochrane reviews: Organization that specializes in in-depth
reviews
Steps in systematic review ......ANSWER........*You do not need to
memorize the order of the steps, just be familiar with the general
activities that occur.
1.Formulate the question for the review
2.Define eligibility criteria for the primary studies
,Page 2 of 21
3.Prepare a protocol for the review
4.Search for and retrieve primary studies
5.Select studies for inclusion in the review
6.Assess the quality of the selected primary studies
7.Extract data for analysis
8.Analyze and synthesize the data
9.Evaluate the degree of confidence in the results
10.Report the findings in a systematic review article
Approaches to evaluate study quality ......ANSWER........o
Researchers use quality assessment scales, checklists, tools to
'judge' the quality of studies that are being reviewed
o These assessments help guide decision-making for the review
Effect size & P value in meta-analysis ......ANSWER........o
Definition: A statistical way to tell us how big the intervention
effect is
o P value: Tell us whether a finding is significant, but do NOT tell
us the magnitude of the effect
o Comparison of studies' effect sizes are often depicted in Forest
plots
What is one method to calculate effect size? And what is the
goal of it? ......ANSWER........Cohen's d: It helps us determine the
difference in the outcome measure between two groups; i.e., the
magnitude of the effect of the intervention
Reporting guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analysis
......ANSWER........o PRISMA and MOOSE are two examples of
guidelines that researchers can use when reporting the results of
a systematic review and/or meta-analysis
, Page 3 of 21
Do we need IRB approval with systematic reviews?
......ANSWER........· IRB approval usually not necessary because
systematic reviews often use publicly available
material/resources and do not collect identifiable information
from research subjects
Potential ethical issues in systematic reviews? ......ANSWER........o
Systematic reviews may have studies with ethical problems—
which is why it is important to assess the quality of the studies
o Informed consent for original study usually does not apply to
the systematic review
o Participants from original studies did not know about potential
use of data in systematic review
o Systematic reviews may be prone to conflicts of interest
Possible ways to minimize ethical issues in systematic reviews
......ANSWER........o Conduct cost-benefit analysis to evaluate
potential benefits and risks to stakeholders
o Declare conflicts of interest and funding sources
o Consider impact of publication bias on the systematic review
o Evaluate the quality of the studies in the review
Definition of prognosis ......ANSWER........Prognosis refers to the
risk of future health outcomes in people with a given disease or
health condition.
Purpose of prognosis research ......ANSWER........o Purpose: To
evaluate the course of health-related conditions over time among
a specific sub-group of the population based on clinical or social
context
