Campbell Biology Chapter 9 Questions
With 100% Correct Answers
\.fermentation - Answer-✔A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose
without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as
ethyl alcohol or lactic acid without using oxygen.
\.aerobic respiration - Answer-✔the process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is
used to make a large amount of ATP; the part of respiration that is carried out in the presence of
oxygen
organic compounds + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide
+ water + energy
\.cellular respiration - Answer-✔The catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration,
which break down organic molecules for the production of ATP.
\.redox reaction - Answer-✔A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons
from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction.
\.oxidation - Answer-✔The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
\.reduction - Answer-✔The gain of electrons by a substance involved in a redox reaction; always
accompanies oxidation.
\.reducing agent - Answer-✔The electron donor in a redox reaction.
, \.oxidizing agent - Answer-✔The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.
\.electron transport chain - Answer-✔sequence of electron carrier molecules that transfer
electrons and release energy during cellular respiration
\.stages of cellular respiration - Answer-✔1) Glycolysis
2) Citric acid cycle
3) Oxidative phosphorylation
\.glycolysis - Answer-✔occurs in cytosol, first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a
molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvate, which enters mitochondrion and
is oxidized to acetyl CoA.
\.Citric acid cycle - Answer-✔A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic
breakdown of glucose molecules begun in glycolysis by oxidizing pyruvate to carbon dioxide;
occurs within the mitochondrion in eukaryotic cells and in the cytosol of prokaryotes; the
second major stage in cellular respiration.
\.oxidative phosphorylation - Answer-✔The production of ATP using energy derived from the
redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration.
\.substrate-level phosphorylation - Answer-✔The formation of ATP by an enzyme directly
transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism; occurs
during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
\.energy investment phase - Answer-✔Phase of Glycolysis that has two ATP molecules are
hydrolyzed, and the phosphates from those ATP molecules are attached to glucose, which is
converted into fructose-1,6 bisphosphate.
With 100% Correct Answers
\.fermentation - Answer-✔A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose
without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as
ethyl alcohol or lactic acid without using oxygen.
\.aerobic respiration - Answer-✔the process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is
used to make a large amount of ATP; the part of respiration that is carried out in the presence of
oxygen
organic compounds + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide
+ water + energy
\.cellular respiration - Answer-✔The catabolic pathways of aerobic and anaerobic respiration,
which break down organic molecules for the production of ATP.
\.redox reaction - Answer-✔A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons
from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction.
\.oxidation - Answer-✔The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
\.reduction - Answer-✔The gain of electrons by a substance involved in a redox reaction; always
accompanies oxidation.
\.reducing agent - Answer-✔The electron donor in a redox reaction.
, \.oxidizing agent - Answer-✔The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.
\.electron transport chain - Answer-✔sequence of electron carrier molecules that transfer
electrons and release energy during cellular respiration
\.stages of cellular respiration - Answer-✔1) Glycolysis
2) Citric acid cycle
3) Oxidative phosphorylation
\.glycolysis - Answer-✔occurs in cytosol, first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a
molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvate, which enters mitochondrion and
is oxidized to acetyl CoA.
\.Citric acid cycle - Answer-✔A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic
breakdown of glucose molecules begun in glycolysis by oxidizing pyruvate to carbon dioxide;
occurs within the mitochondrion in eukaryotic cells and in the cytosol of prokaryotes; the
second major stage in cellular respiration.
\.oxidative phosphorylation - Answer-✔The production of ATP using energy derived from the
redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration.
\.substrate-level phosphorylation - Answer-✔The formation of ATP by an enzyme directly
transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism; occurs
during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
\.energy investment phase - Answer-✔Phase of Glycolysis that has two ATP molecules are
hydrolyzed, and the phosphates from those ATP molecules are attached to glucose, which is
converted into fructose-1,6 bisphosphate.
