ANP 1111: Muscular System Final
Exam and All Correct Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
What is the origin and insertion of a muscle? - Answer Origin- where muscle starts (non-
moveable side), Insertion- tendinous (bone) side, where muscle ends (moveable-side)
What are the 4 basic fascicle arrangements? - Answer 1) Parallel: can be straplike (sartorious
muscle) or fusiform (biceps brachii)
2) Pennate: can be Unipennate (extensor digitorum longus), Bipennate (rectus femorus) or
Multipennate (deltoid)
3) Convergent: muscle is triangular or fan shaped (pectorals major)
4) Circular: concentric rings surround openings (obicularis oris)
What are the three functional groups of muscles? what do they do? - Answer prime mover:
muscle where movement is its main action
antagonist: muscle that provides control and opposes specific movements
synergsists: muscles that help the prime mover by a) promoting the same movement b)reducing
undesirable movements and c) acting as fixators for posture
What are the ways that muscles are named? - Answer By location: bone or
by shape: ex deltoid (triangular), trapezius (trapizoid)
by size: Maximus, minimus, longus, brevis (short)
by direction of fibres: rectus (straight), oblique, abdominis
by number of origins: BIceps, TRIceps etc
by location of origin/insertion: if both are indicated origin always indicated first
by action: flexor, extensor adductor
What is the epicranius? - Answer Broad muscle that covers the top of the skull (main scalp
muscle) and consists of:
occipital belly: pulls scalp posteriorly
frontal belly: raises eyebrows
, what is the zygomaticus? - Answer it is the smile muscle and is broken into the major (big) and
minor (small) parts (goes diagonally from the zygomatic bone to the mouth)
What is the orbicularis oris? - Answer it is a multilayered flat band around the upper and lower
lips that compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips.
what is the mentalis? - Answer Muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the
skin of the chin. (located on the chin)
What is the buccinator? - Answer it is the muscle underneath the massetor (big two toned
muscle on side of jaw) that is responsible for whistling and sucking
What is the platysma? - Answer it is the large muscle extending from the chest and shoulder
muscles to the side of the chin. Responsible for lowering the lower jaw.
what are the muscles that move the tongue? what does each one do? - Answer genioglossus:
mover of tongue protrusion (from the mandible)
hyoglossus: muscle for tongue depression (from the hyoid bone )
styloglossus: retracts and elevates tongue (diagonally form temporal bone)
What are the four pairs of muscles involved in chewing? what do they do? - Answer Masseter:
mover of jaw closure (goes from zygomatic bone to mandible)
Temporalis: elevates and retracts mandible (from the temporal bone)
Medial and lateral Pterygoid: both are two headed and do side to side movements (under the
masseter)
Buccinator: compresses the cheek (next to mouth)
What is the sternocleidomastoid muscle? what does it attach to? - Answer it is a two headed
muscle deep to the platysma that is responsible for head flexion
it goes from the clavicle and manubrium to the mastoid process of the temporal bone
what is the scalene muscle? what does it attach to? - Answer it is a muscle that is more lateral
and deep to the platysma and attaches to the first two ribs and to cervical vertebrae
Exam and All Correct Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
What is the origin and insertion of a muscle? - Answer Origin- where muscle starts (non-
moveable side), Insertion- tendinous (bone) side, where muscle ends (moveable-side)
What are the 4 basic fascicle arrangements? - Answer 1) Parallel: can be straplike (sartorious
muscle) or fusiform (biceps brachii)
2) Pennate: can be Unipennate (extensor digitorum longus), Bipennate (rectus femorus) or
Multipennate (deltoid)
3) Convergent: muscle is triangular or fan shaped (pectorals major)
4) Circular: concentric rings surround openings (obicularis oris)
What are the three functional groups of muscles? what do they do? - Answer prime mover:
muscle where movement is its main action
antagonist: muscle that provides control and opposes specific movements
synergsists: muscles that help the prime mover by a) promoting the same movement b)reducing
undesirable movements and c) acting as fixators for posture
What are the ways that muscles are named? - Answer By location: bone or
by shape: ex deltoid (triangular), trapezius (trapizoid)
by size: Maximus, minimus, longus, brevis (short)
by direction of fibres: rectus (straight), oblique, abdominis
by number of origins: BIceps, TRIceps etc
by location of origin/insertion: if both are indicated origin always indicated first
by action: flexor, extensor adductor
What is the epicranius? - Answer Broad muscle that covers the top of the skull (main scalp
muscle) and consists of:
occipital belly: pulls scalp posteriorly
frontal belly: raises eyebrows
, what is the zygomaticus? - Answer it is the smile muscle and is broken into the major (big) and
minor (small) parts (goes diagonally from the zygomatic bone to the mouth)
What is the orbicularis oris? - Answer it is a multilayered flat band around the upper and lower
lips that compresses, contracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips.
what is the mentalis? - Answer Muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the
skin of the chin. (located on the chin)
What is the buccinator? - Answer it is the muscle underneath the massetor (big two toned
muscle on side of jaw) that is responsible for whistling and sucking
What is the platysma? - Answer it is the large muscle extending from the chest and shoulder
muscles to the side of the chin. Responsible for lowering the lower jaw.
what are the muscles that move the tongue? what does each one do? - Answer genioglossus:
mover of tongue protrusion (from the mandible)
hyoglossus: muscle for tongue depression (from the hyoid bone )
styloglossus: retracts and elevates tongue (diagonally form temporal bone)
What are the four pairs of muscles involved in chewing? what do they do? - Answer Masseter:
mover of jaw closure (goes from zygomatic bone to mandible)
Temporalis: elevates and retracts mandible (from the temporal bone)
Medial and lateral Pterygoid: both are two headed and do side to side movements (under the
masseter)
Buccinator: compresses the cheek (next to mouth)
What is the sternocleidomastoid muscle? what does it attach to? - Answer it is a two headed
muscle deep to the platysma that is responsible for head flexion
it goes from the clavicle and manubrium to the mastoid process of the temporal bone
what is the scalene muscle? what does it attach to? - Answer it is a muscle that is more lateral
and deep to the platysma and attaches to the first two ribs and to cervical vertebrae
