APHY 164 Final
1. what are the 3 essential roles of the nervous system
Answer 1. sensing
2. integrating
3. responding
2. what are the 5 types of glial cells
Answer 1. oligodendrocytes (myelin sheath)
2. ependymal cells (line spinal cord)
3. microglia (phagocytosis)
4. astrocytes (blood-brain barrier, nourish neurons)
5. schwann cells (myelin sheath around nerves in PNS)
3. what are the 3 classes of neurons
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,Answer 1. sensory (atterent)
2. motor (etterent)
3. interneurons (only CNS, connect motor and sensory)
- multipolar (1 axon multiple dendrites, bipolar (2 processes) and unipolar (1 process)
4. what makes up the structure of a neuron
Answer Soma- cell body, contains nucleus Dendrites- recieve signals
Axon- carries signals away
Myelin Sheath- encases axon, lipid
Nodes of Ranvier- gaps in myelin sheath
Synaptic Knob- end of axon branches (contain nuerotransmitter)
5. what are the 5 stages of impulse conduction
Answer 1. resting potential- inside - , outside +
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, 2. depolarization- stimulus makes Na enter cells
3. Action Potential- adjacent areas open, more Na enters
4. repolarization- K flows out
5. refractory period- membrane polarized, Na and K are switched, NaK pumps restore order
- in myelinated fibers AP's occur in nodes of ranvier (saltatory conduction)
6. what structures make up the spinal cord
Answer Gray Matter- mostly motor/interneurons, contains posterior (dorsal) and ventral (anterior)
horns
- posterior (sensory/into), anterior (motor/away)
White Matter- bundles of axons, myelinated
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1. what are the 3 essential roles of the nervous system
Answer 1. sensing
2. integrating
3. responding
2. what are the 5 types of glial cells
Answer 1. oligodendrocytes (myelin sheath)
2. ependymal cells (line spinal cord)
3. microglia (phagocytosis)
4. astrocytes (blood-brain barrier, nourish neurons)
5. schwann cells (myelin sheath around nerves in PNS)
3. what are the 3 classes of neurons
1/
23
,Answer 1. sensory (atterent)
2. motor (etterent)
3. interneurons (only CNS, connect motor and sensory)
- multipolar (1 axon multiple dendrites, bipolar (2 processes) and unipolar (1 process)
4. what makes up the structure of a neuron
Answer Soma- cell body, contains nucleus Dendrites- recieve signals
Axon- carries signals away
Myelin Sheath- encases axon, lipid
Nodes of Ranvier- gaps in myelin sheath
Synaptic Knob- end of axon branches (contain nuerotransmitter)
5. what are the 5 stages of impulse conduction
Answer 1. resting potential- inside - , outside +
2/
23
, 2. depolarization- stimulus makes Na enter cells
3. Action Potential- adjacent areas open, more Na enters
4. repolarization- K flows out
5. refractory period- membrane polarized, Na and K are switched, NaK pumps restore order
- in myelinated fibers AP's occur in nodes of ranvier (saltatory conduction)
6. what structures make up the spinal cord
Answer Gray Matter- mostly motor/interneurons, contains posterior (dorsal) and ventral (anterior)
horns
- posterior (sensory/into), anterior (motor/away)
White Matter- bundles of axons, myelinated
3/
23
