Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 – Maryville | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Terms in this set (147)
How does hypoalbuminemia affect Low albumin = more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin
the process of prescribing? aka protein) = increased adverse effects
What is a Black Box Warning: is considered a contraindication to administer that drug.
Half-life specifically means the amount of time it takes for an
What is the drugs half-life?
administered drug to be halfway cleared from the system.
the time between drug administration and maximum concentration
Peak of action:
of drug in the blood stream. Best therapeutic effect.
the time between onset of action and metabolism of drug below
Duration of action:
the minimum needed for an effect. The length of time you
have the drug in your system.
According to the WHO what is the The first step is to define the patient's problem
first step in the prescribing
process?
The second step is to specify the therapeutic objective
The third step is to choose which drug or treatment is needed.
Step 4 of the WHO approach: Start the treatment
Step 5 of the WHO approach: Educate the patient
Step 6 of the WHO approach: Monitor the treatment
Phase 1 of drug development: The drug is tested on healthy volunteers
Phase 2 of drug development: trials with people who have the disease for which the drug is thought to be
, effective
Large numbers of patients in medical research centers receive the
Phase 3 of drug development: drug in phase 3. This larger sampling provides information about
infrequent or rare adverse effects. The FFA will approve a new
drug application if phase 3 studies are satisfactory.
, This phase is voluntary and involves postmarket surveillance of the
drug's therapeutic effects at the completion of phase 3. The
pharmaceutical company receives reports from doctors and
Phase 4 of drug development: other health care professionals about the therapeutic results and
adverse effects of the drug. Some medications, for example, have
been found to be toxic and have been removed from the
market after their initial release.
much of the drug is lost in the absorption process. The liver
Explain first pass metabolism
metabolizes many drugs, thus reduces the bioavailabilty of the
drug.
The fastest route of absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly
What is the fasted route of
considered the IV administration.
absorption:
Why does the GI tract take longer The GI tract is lined with epithelial cells; drugs must permeate
to absorb? through these cells in order to be absorbed into the circulatory
system.
the cell membrane. Cell membranes are essentially lipid
What is One particular cellular bilayers which form a semipermeable membrane. Pure lipid
barrier that may prevent bilayers are generally permeable only to small and uncharged
absorption of a given drug? solutes, hence whether or not a molecule is ionized will affect
its absorption, since ionic molecules are charged.
Solubility favors charged species, permeability favors neutral
What is solubility? species. Some molecules have special exchange proteins and
channels to facilitate movement from the lumen into the
circulation.
Why does absorption occur at a Absorption occurs at a slower rate because the complex membrane
slower rate for oral, IM, SQ systems of GI mucosal layers, muscle, and skin delay drug
routes? passage.
whether the drug is water or lipid (fat) soluble. Lipid-soluble
The ability of a drug to cross a cell
drugs easily cross through cell membranes; water-soluble drugs
membrane depends on:
can't. Lipid-soluble drugs can also cross the blood-brain barrier
Terms in this set (147)
How does hypoalbuminemia affect Low albumin = more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin
the process of prescribing? aka protein) = increased adverse effects
What is a Black Box Warning: is considered a contraindication to administer that drug.
Half-life specifically means the amount of time it takes for an
What is the drugs half-life?
administered drug to be halfway cleared from the system.
the time between drug administration and maximum concentration
Peak of action:
of drug in the blood stream. Best therapeutic effect.
the time between onset of action and metabolism of drug below
Duration of action:
the minimum needed for an effect. The length of time you
have the drug in your system.
According to the WHO what is the The first step is to define the patient's problem
first step in the prescribing
process?
The second step is to specify the therapeutic objective
The third step is to choose which drug or treatment is needed.
Step 4 of the WHO approach: Start the treatment
Step 5 of the WHO approach: Educate the patient
Step 6 of the WHO approach: Monitor the treatment
Phase 1 of drug development: The drug is tested on healthy volunteers
Phase 2 of drug development: trials with people who have the disease for which the drug is thought to be
, effective
Large numbers of patients in medical research centers receive the
Phase 3 of drug development: drug in phase 3. This larger sampling provides information about
infrequent or rare adverse effects. The FFA will approve a new
drug application if phase 3 studies are satisfactory.
, This phase is voluntary and involves postmarket surveillance of the
drug's therapeutic effects at the completion of phase 3. The
pharmaceutical company receives reports from doctors and
Phase 4 of drug development: other health care professionals about the therapeutic results and
adverse effects of the drug. Some medications, for example, have
been found to be toxic and have been removed from the
market after their initial release.
much of the drug is lost in the absorption process. The liver
Explain first pass metabolism
metabolizes many drugs, thus reduces the bioavailabilty of the
drug.
The fastest route of absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly
What is the fasted route of
considered the IV administration.
absorption:
Why does the GI tract take longer The GI tract is lined with epithelial cells; drugs must permeate
to absorb? through these cells in order to be absorbed into the circulatory
system.
the cell membrane. Cell membranes are essentially lipid
What is One particular cellular bilayers which form a semipermeable membrane. Pure lipid
barrier that may prevent bilayers are generally permeable only to small and uncharged
absorption of a given drug? solutes, hence whether or not a molecule is ionized will affect
its absorption, since ionic molecules are charged.
Solubility favors charged species, permeability favors neutral
What is solubility? species. Some molecules have special exchange proteins and
channels to facilitate movement from the lumen into the
circulation.
Why does absorption occur at a Absorption occurs at a slower rate because the complex membrane
slower rate for oral, IM, SQ systems of GI mucosal layers, muscle, and skin delay drug
routes? passage.
whether the drug is water or lipid (fat) soluble. Lipid-soluble
The ability of a drug to cross a cell
drugs easily cross through cell membranes; water-soluble drugs
membrane depends on:
can't. Lipid-soluble drugs can also cross the blood-brain barrier
