ECPY 370 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2025-2026
time perspectives - Answers Future
Past-negative
Past-positive
Present-hedonistic
Present-fatalistic
time perspective most conducive for well-being - Answers Past-positive is the most conducive
to well-being. Linked with higher self-esteem, higher satisfaction with both past and present.
Past positive experiences can color how you see the world presently.
balanced time perspective - Answers High on past-positive and future.
Medium on present-hedonistic.
Low on past-negative and present-fatalistic.
- benefits: a balanced time perspective aligns well with the time affluence vs. time poverty
model by Tim Kasser (those who experience time poverty feel they have too many things to do
and not enough time to do them).
time affluence vs. time poverty - Answers time affluence: sense that one has ample time
available on a daily basis. associated with happiness, well-being, nurtured social relationships.
Time poverty: sense that you never have enough time to do all that you need and want to
accomplish (experienced by 80% of people).
- advantages:
- People who prioritize time over money are shown to be happier, less stressed, and have better
social relationships.
- Even small expenses that give you more time increase your well-being.
what works well for time management - Answers Organizing and prioritizing time while
remaining flexible.
Be sensitive to your own needs and energy.
Perceive time spent as a choice not an imposition.
Self-compassion, self-understanding
, Keep in mind your goals and values.
what does NOT work well for time management - Answers Time management courses have
little effect on time use because you need to acknowledge and understand why you use the time
you have (i.e., address the root cause).
key principles of time management - Answers - Motivation: liking what you do and perceiving it
as worthwhile.
- Balance: find a time balance that works for you.
- Responsibility and achievement.
- Time anxiety and lack of control.
how does time perspectives relate to our well-being (Zimbardo) - Answers Learn to move
flexibly between different time perspectives.
Past gives you roots.
Present hedonist gives you energy.
Future gives you wings.
Any time perspective in excess can be dysfunctional. → balance is best.
3 main types of coping strategies - Answers - Problem-focused: focus on solving the problem.
- Emotion-focused: finding a way to deal with emotions you face (e.g., talking, venting,
meditation).
- Avoidant coping: avoid problem and emotions
functional and dysfunctional dimensions of each coping type - Answers *Problem focused
- Functional: can address the root of the problem and think of ways to reach a solution.
- Dysfunctional: too much focus on the problem may lead you to neglect the emotional
experiences faced by yourself or others.
*Emotion focused
- Functional: can productively manage the emotions you face.
- Dysfunctional: may not address the problem or work to solve it.
*Avoidant
- Functional: may be beneficial to take a break from the problem (can avoid acting impulsively
time perspectives - Answers Future
Past-negative
Past-positive
Present-hedonistic
Present-fatalistic
time perspective most conducive for well-being - Answers Past-positive is the most conducive
to well-being. Linked with higher self-esteem, higher satisfaction with both past and present.
Past positive experiences can color how you see the world presently.
balanced time perspective - Answers High on past-positive and future.
Medium on present-hedonistic.
Low on past-negative and present-fatalistic.
- benefits: a balanced time perspective aligns well with the time affluence vs. time poverty
model by Tim Kasser (those who experience time poverty feel they have too many things to do
and not enough time to do them).
time affluence vs. time poverty - Answers time affluence: sense that one has ample time
available on a daily basis. associated with happiness, well-being, nurtured social relationships.
Time poverty: sense that you never have enough time to do all that you need and want to
accomplish (experienced by 80% of people).
- advantages:
- People who prioritize time over money are shown to be happier, less stressed, and have better
social relationships.
- Even small expenses that give you more time increase your well-being.
what works well for time management - Answers Organizing and prioritizing time while
remaining flexible.
Be sensitive to your own needs and energy.
Perceive time spent as a choice not an imposition.
Self-compassion, self-understanding
, Keep in mind your goals and values.
what does NOT work well for time management - Answers Time management courses have
little effect on time use because you need to acknowledge and understand why you use the time
you have (i.e., address the root cause).
key principles of time management - Answers - Motivation: liking what you do and perceiving it
as worthwhile.
- Balance: find a time balance that works for you.
- Responsibility and achievement.
- Time anxiety and lack of control.
how does time perspectives relate to our well-being (Zimbardo) - Answers Learn to move
flexibly between different time perspectives.
Past gives you roots.
Present hedonist gives you energy.
Future gives you wings.
Any time perspective in excess can be dysfunctional. → balance is best.
3 main types of coping strategies - Answers - Problem-focused: focus on solving the problem.
- Emotion-focused: finding a way to deal with emotions you face (e.g., talking, venting,
meditation).
- Avoidant coping: avoid problem and emotions
functional and dysfunctional dimensions of each coping type - Answers *Problem focused
- Functional: can address the root of the problem and think of ways to reach a solution.
- Dysfunctional: too much focus on the problem may lead you to neglect the emotional
experiences faced by yourself or others.
*Emotion focused
- Functional: can productively manage the emotions you face.
- Dysfunctional: may not address the problem or work to solve it.
*Avoidant
- Functional: may be beneficial to take a break from the problem (can avoid acting impulsively
