NURS 2873 NEWEST Exam 2 With
QUESTIONS AND Correct
ANSWERS||graded A+||
In a type I hypersensitivity reaction the primary immunologic disorder appears
to be –
CORRECT ANSWER a. binding of IgG to an antigen on a cell surface.
b. deposit of antigen-antibody complexes in small vessels.
c. release of cytokines used to interact with specific antigens.
d. release of chemical mediators from IgE-bound mast cells and basophils.
Shock - CORRECT ANSWER Decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular
metabolism. This results in an imbalance between the supply of and demand
for O2 and nutrients. The exchange of O2 and nutrients at the cellular level is
essential to life. When cells are hypoperfused, the demand for O2 and
nutrients exceeds the supply at the microcirculatory level. Ischemia can
,occur, leading to cell injury and death.
Cardiogenic shock - CORRECT ANSWER Ooccurs when either systolic or
diastolic dysfunction of the heart's pumping action results in reduced cardiac
output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and BP. These changes compromise
myocardial perfusion, further depress myocardial function, and decrease CO
and perfusion.
What is the most common cause of systolic dysfunction? - CORRECT ANSWER
Acute MI
Systolic dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER The heart's inability to pump the
blood forward.
,Causes of cardiogenic shock - CORRECT ANSWER Cardiac tamponade,
cardiomyopathy, MI, dysrhythmias, valvular stenosis, blunt cardiac injury,
severe systemic or pulmonary hypertension, tension pneumothorax
Causes of hypovolemic shock - CORRECT ANSWER Hemorrhage from
surgery, trauma or GI bleed, vomiting, diarrhea, DI, DM, burns, ascites,
fracture of long bones, ruptured spleen, hemothorax, severe pancreatitis,
sepsis, bowel obstruction
Causes of anaphylactic shock - CORRECT ANSWER Hypersensitivity (allergic
reaction) to a substance. Contrast media, blood or blood products, drugs,
insect bites, anesthetic agents, food or food additives, vaccines,
environmental agents, latex
Causes of neurogenic shock - CORRECT ANSWER Hemodynamic
consequence of spinal cord injury and/or disease at or above T5, Spinal
anesthesia, vasomotor center depression, severe pain, hypoglycemia, injury
Causes of septic shock - CORRECT ANSWER Pneumonia, peritonitis, urinary
tract, invasive procedures, indwelling lines and catheters (infection), older
, adults, patients with chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes, chronic kidney disease,
HF), patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy or who are malnourished
or debilitated
Causes of obstructive shock - CORRECT ANSWER Cardiac tamponade, tension
pneumothorax, superior vena cava syndrome, abdominal compartment
syndrome, pulmonary embolism
cardiac tamponade - CORRECT ANSWER acute compression of the heart
caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
Early presentation of cardiogenic shock - CORRECT ANSWER Similar to acute
decompensated heart failure. May be hypotension and tachycardia.
QUESTIONS AND Correct
ANSWERS||graded A+||
In a type I hypersensitivity reaction the primary immunologic disorder appears
to be –
CORRECT ANSWER a. binding of IgG to an antigen on a cell surface.
b. deposit of antigen-antibody complexes in small vessels.
c. release of cytokines used to interact with specific antigens.
d. release of chemical mediators from IgE-bound mast cells and basophils.
Shock - CORRECT ANSWER Decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular
metabolism. This results in an imbalance between the supply of and demand
for O2 and nutrients. The exchange of O2 and nutrients at the cellular level is
essential to life. When cells are hypoperfused, the demand for O2 and
nutrients exceeds the supply at the microcirculatory level. Ischemia can
,occur, leading to cell injury and death.
Cardiogenic shock - CORRECT ANSWER Ooccurs when either systolic or
diastolic dysfunction of the heart's pumping action results in reduced cardiac
output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and BP. These changes compromise
myocardial perfusion, further depress myocardial function, and decrease CO
and perfusion.
What is the most common cause of systolic dysfunction? - CORRECT ANSWER
Acute MI
Systolic dysfunction - CORRECT ANSWER The heart's inability to pump the
blood forward.
,Causes of cardiogenic shock - CORRECT ANSWER Cardiac tamponade,
cardiomyopathy, MI, dysrhythmias, valvular stenosis, blunt cardiac injury,
severe systemic or pulmonary hypertension, tension pneumothorax
Causes of hypovolemic shock - CORRECT ANSWER Hemorrhage from
surgery, trauma or GI bleed, vomiting, diarrhea, DI, DM, burns, ascites,
fracture of long bones, ruptured spleen, hemothorax, severe pancreatitis,
sepsis, bowel obstruction
Causes of anaphylactic shock - CORRECT ANSWER Hypersensitivity (allergic
reaction) to a substance. Contrast media, blood or blood products, drugs,
insect bites, anesthetic agents, food or food additives, vaccines,
environmental agents, latex
Causes of neurogenic shock - CORRECT ANSWER Hemodynamic
consequence of spinal cord injury and/or disease at or above T5, Spinal
anesthesia, vasomotor center depression, severe pain, hypoglycemia, injury
Causes of septic shock - CORRECT ANSWER Pneumonia, peritonitis, urinary
tract, invasive procedures, indwelling lines and catheters (infection), older
, adults, patients with chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes, chronic kidney disease,
HF), patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy or who are malnourished
or debilitated
Causes of obstructive shock - CORRECT ANSWER Cardiac tamponade, tension
pneumothorax, superior vena cava syndrome, abdominal compartment
syndrome, pulmonary embolism
cardiac tamponade - CORRECT ANSWER acute compression of the heart
caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
Early presentation of cardiogenic shock - CORRECT ANSWER Similar to acute
decompensated heart failure. May be hypotension and tachycardia.
