1|Page
THE NATIONAL COUNSELING EXAM (NCE), PRACTICE EXAM AND
STUDYGUIDE NEWEST 2025/2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
What is reciprocal inhibition? - ANSWER-Eliciting a new response
that decreases the strength of a habitual response (making a sad
person smile by making a funny face)(Wolpe)
What are the 4 major areas of contemporary behavior therapy -
ANSWER-1. Classical conditioning - what happens prior to
learning that creates a response through pairing (like Pavlov's
dog)
2. Operant conditioning - learning which behaviors are influenced
mainly by the consequences that follow (Skinner)
3. Social cognitive approach - learning behavior through
environmental influences
4. Cognitive behavior therapy - aka behavioral therapy
Most commonly used method of behavior therapy; teach client
how to relax, identify problem, create hierarchy of anxiety-
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producing situations, combine hierarchy and relaxing exercises -
ANSWER-Systematic Desensitization (Wolpe)
Cognitive Therapy Theorists - ANSWER-A.T. Beck, Judith Beck,
Donald Meichenbaum (CBM)
Who was one of the first theorists to recognize the role of beliefs
in controlling and changing thoughts, emotions, and actions? -
ANSWER-George Kelly
Cognitive Therapy is based on the rationale that... - ANSWER-the
way people feels and behave is determined by how they perceive
and structure their experience
4 levels of cognition - ANSWER-1. Automatic thoughts - situation
and emotion dependent
2. Immediate beliefs - often reflect extreme and absolute rules
and attitudes that shape automatic thoughts
3. Core beliefs - central ideas about ourselves that underlie many
of our automatic cognition and inform our immediate beliefs
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4. Schemas - the way a mind thinks, worldview
Cognitive Distortion (Beck, CBT) - ANSWER-Systematic errors in
reasoning from faulty assumptions and misconceptions
Arbitrary Inferences (Beck, CBT) - ANSWER-(Beck's CBT)
making conclusions without the basis of supporting evidence
selective abstraction (Beck, CBT) - ANSWER-A cognitive
distortion that involves forming conclusions based on an isolated
detail of an event.
magnification and minimization (Beck, CBT) - ANSWER-blowing a
negative event out of proportion (magnification) while ignoring
relevant positive events (minimization), Beck CBT
labeling and mislabeling (Beck, CBT) - ANSWER-portraying one's
identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the
past and allowing them to define one's true identity (Beck, CBT)
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dichotomous thinking (Beck, CBT) - ANSWER-black and white
thinking (Beck, CBT)
What is the "first wave" of behavioral therapy? - ANSWER-
Behavior therapy
What is the "second wave" of behavioral therapy? - ANSWER-
CBT
What is the "third wave" of behavioral therapy? - ANSWER-
Mindfulness and ACT
Combines CBT with attachment, Gestalt, object relations, and
constructivist theories. Looks at present actions triggering self-
defeating patterns from childhood. - ANSWER-Schema Therapy
(Young)
A model endorsing technical eclecticism; uses procedures drawn
from various sources without necessarily subscribing to the
THE NATIONAL COUNSELING EXAM (NCE), PRACTICE EXAM AND
STUDYGUIDE NEWEST 2025/2026 ACTUAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR VERIFIED||
What is reciprocal inhibition? - ANSWER-Eliciting a new response
that decreases the strength of a habitual response (making a sad
person smile by making a funny face)(Wolpe)
What are the 4 major areas of contemporary behavior therapy -
ANSWER-1. Classical conditioning - what happens prior to
learning that creates a response through pairing (like Pavlov's
dog)
2. Operant conditioning - learning which behaviors are influenced
mainly by the consequences that follow (Skinner)
3. Social cognitive approach - learning behavior through
environmental influences
4. Cognitive behavior therapy - aka behavioral therapy
Most commonly used method of behavior therapy; teach client
how to relax, identify problem, create hierarchy of anxiety-
,2|Page
producing situations, combine hierarchy and relaxing exercises -
ANSWER-Systematic Desensitization (Wolpe)
Cognitive Therapy Theorists - ANSWER-A.T. Beck, Judith Beck,
Donald Meichenbaum (CBM)
Who was one of the first theorists to recognize the role of beliefs
in controlling and changing thoughts, emotions, and actions? -
ANSWER-George Kelly
Cognitive Therapy is based on the rationale that... - ANSWER-the
way people feels and behave is determined by how they perceive
and structure their experience
4 levels of cognition - ANSWER-1. Automatic thoughts - situation
and emotion dependent
2. Immediate beliefs - often reflect extreme and absolute rules
and attitudes that shape automatic thoughts
3. Core beliefs - central ideas about ourselves that underlie many
of our automatic cognition and inform our immediate beliefs
,3|Page
4. Schemas - the way a mind thinks, worldview
Cognitive Distortion (Beck, CBT) - ANSWER-Systematic errors in
reasoning from faulty assumptions and misconceptions
Arbitrary Inferences (Beck, CBT) - ANSWER-(Beck's CBT)
making conclusions without the basis of supporting evidence
selective abstraction (Beck, CBT) - ANSWER-A cognitive
distortion that involves forming conclusions based on an isolated
detail of an event.
magnification and minimization (Beck, CBT) - ANSWER-blowing a
negative event out of proportion (magnification) while ignoring
relevant positive events (minimization), Beck CBT
labeling and mislabeling (Beck, CBT) - ANSWER-portraying one's
identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the
past and allowing them to define one's true identity (Beck, CBT)
, 4|Page
dichotomous thinking (Beck, CBT) - ANSWER-black and white
thinking (Beck, CBT)
What is the "first wave" of behavioral therapy? - ANSWER-
Behavior therapy
What is the "second wave" of behavioral therapy? - ANSWER-
CBT
What is the "third wave" of behavioral therapy? - ANSWER-
Mindfulness and ACT
Combines CBT with attachment, Gestalt, object relations, and
constructivist theories. Looks at present actions triggering self-
defeating patterns from childhood. - ANSWER-Schema Therapy
(Young)
A model endorsing technical eclecticism; uses procedures drawn
from various sources without necessarily subscribing to the
