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Kiefer is a 22-year-old student who presents to the clinic with
complaints of a depressed mood that started two weeks ago. He states
that he has stopped playing intramural baseball because of his mood;
this is the first time since he was a small child that he has not played a
season. He endorses insomnia and fatigue and is having a difficult time
concentrating. Kiefer admits to taking methylphenidate "on a pretty
regular basis." His use caused him to skip classes and lose a few friends
who were - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > F15.14 Stimulant use disorder, mild
Rationale: Kiefer meets diagnostic criteria for major depressive
disorder; his depressed mood symptoms started during withdrawal of
methylphenidate. He does not have a history of depressed mood. He
meets three criteria for substance use disorder (social problems related
to use, neglecting major role to use, and repeated attempts to quit). He
meets diagnostic criteria for mild methylphenidate use disorder with
methylphenidate-induced depressive disorder onset during withdrawal.
See DSM criteria doe stimulant use disorder.
,A client with Alzheimer's dementia is prescribed donepezil. Which of
the following is the most anticipated client outcome?
cured Alzheimer's disease
complete return of cognitive function
prevention of further cognitive and functional decline
improved memory and thinking - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > improved memory and
thinking
Rationale: The effect of donepezil is to increase the availability of
acetylcholine, which results in enhanced transmission and improved
cognition. Donepezil does not cure Alzheimer's disease, result in a
complete return of cognitive function, or prevent further decline,
although it may slow progression.
Pete is a 69-year-old who has been in an inpatient surgical unit for 9
days after a thoracic aneurysm replacement. His recovery has been
complicated by a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD). The family nurse practitioner (FNP) has been consulted due to
changes in his behavior over the past two nights. The night shift nurse
reported that Pete became disoriented to time and place and stated
that the mylar balloons in the corner of his room were people standing
over him, watchin - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > F13.221- moderate delirium due to
sedative
,Rationale: Pete meets diagnostic criteria for medication-induced acute
hyperactive delirium due to the administration of zolpidem.
Kim, an 82-year-old male, presents with his wife and son with
complains of memory loss and poor hygiene. The client and family
report no significant past medical history but express a need for
assistance in caring for him. Labs and imaging are completed to rule out
anemia, hypothyroidism, depression, and stroke. All results are
negative. A Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) yields inconclusive
results. The client becomes frustrated.
Which of the following is the most appropriate management str - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > Obtain a complete neuropsychology exam
Rationale: A diagnosis has not yet been determined and a cognitive
assessment screening tool is inconclusive; therefore, a full
neurocognitive exam is warranted. A neuropsychological exam will help
identify areas of cognitive impairment and aid in the creation of a
comprehensive management plan. Note, the first course of action was
to eliminate any underlying medical issues that could explain the
concerning behaviors.
Chantoya, a 78-year-old female, is being seen for her annual wellness
exam. During the exam, she reports that, over the past year, she has
had trouble finding her words and expressing her thoughts and feelings.
She worries that this may be indicative of a stroke or Alzheimer's
disease. Chantoya has a positive medical history for significant coronary
artery disease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. She denies recent
, surgeries. Her vital signs and recent lab values are normal. Her physical
and neur - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Reassurance
Rationale: Chantoya's MoCA assessment was negative and her
symptoms align with expressive aphasia which can be attributed to
aging. An MRI may be warranted if major cognitive impairment or
pathologies were identified in the assessments. If the MoCA
assessment indicated impairment in a specific part of the brain, referral
to neurology for follow-up interventions would be indicated. Normal
aging processes may manifest as mild short-term memory loss, a slight
loss in processing speed, and expressive aphasia (the inability to find
words); No significant loss of function in the cognitive domains or the
activities of daily living are seen.
Lisa is a 29-year-old who admits to using "pills, heroin, and booze"
regularly. She lives in a rural area and is employed part-time. She has a
history of poor compliance with past treatments.
prescribe the proper medication:
Methadone
Buprenorphine
Buprenorphine plus naloxone (Suboxone)
Naltrexone - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Naltrexone
Naltrexone blocks mu opioid receptors, preventing exogenous opioids
from binding there and thus preventing the pleasurable effects of