PSB 3002- Exam 2 Questions and
Answers
Epigenetics - ANSWER-field that deals with changes in gene expression without
modification of the DNA sequence
Histone - ANSWER-protein that binds DNA into a shape that resembles a string
wound around a ball
Heritability - ANSWER-estimate of the degree to which variation in a characteristic
depends on genetic variations
phenylketonuria (PKU) - ANSWER-genetic inability to metabolize the amino acid
phenylalanine
Evolution - ANSWER-change over generations in the frequencies of various genes in
a population
Artificial selection - ANSWER-process of selecting plants/animals for desired traits
Lamarckian evolution - ANSWER-hypothesis that use of some body part will change
its size in the next generation
Fitness - ANSWER-spreading of genes
Altruistic behavior - ANSWER-action that benefits someone other than the actor
Proliferation - ANSWER-production of new cells
Migrate - ANSWER-movement of brain neurons or glia
Myelination - ANSWER-process by which glia produce insulating fatty sheaths that
accelerate transmission in many vertebrate axons
Neural Darwinism - ANSWER-principle of competition among axons
nerve growth factor (NGF) - ANSWER-protein that promotes the survival of axons in
certain axons in the brain
Apoptosis - ANSWER-programmed mechanism of cell death
Far transfer - ANSWER-improvement of a skill due to practice at a dissimilar skill
Stroke - ANSWER-temporary loss of normal blood flow to a brain area
, Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) - ANSWER-result of interrupted blood flow to the
brain from blood clot or ruptured artery
Edema - ANSWER-accumulation of fluid
tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) - ANSWER-drug that breaks up blood clots
Diaschisis - ANSWER-decreased activity of surviving brain neurons after damage to
other neurons
Collateral sprout - ANSWER-newly formed branch of an axon
Deafferent - ANSWER-loss of sensory input
Given what is known about facial expressions in people born blind, Peleg et al.
(2006) suggest _____.
a. a genetic role in the ability to produce facial expressions
b. that smiling is a learned behavior only
c. that frowning is a learned behavior only
d. that people born blind cannot produce proper facial expressions - ANSWER-a. a
genetic role in the ability to produce facial expressions
Prior to Mendel's work with genetics, it was thought that if two colored flowers (one
red and one white) were mated, the resulting flower would be _____.
a. pink because mixing red and white blend to make pink
b. red because red is stronger than white and would overshadow it
c. red or white depending on which color came from the sperm - ANSWER-a. pink
because mixing red and white blend to make pink
A(n) _____ gene shows a strong effect in either the homozygous or heterozygous
condition.
a. dominant
b. recessive
c. intermediate
d. possessive - ANSWER-a. dominant
Ralph was born with red-green color blindness. His sister, Ana, was not. This makes
sense, as men tend to have more trouble with red-green color blindness because
_____.
a. the red-green gene is a sex-linked gene
b. Ralph's testosterone damaged his eyes
c. Ana's estrogen protected her eyes
d. all males like Ralph are homozygous recessive for color vision - ANSWER-a. the
red-green gene is a sex-linked gene
Lenore Aberle was born in a small town during the middle of a civil war. Scientists
have found that many babies born during that time have health and weight issues
not seen in other babies born outside of the war zone. Lenore's situation is best
explained by the study of _____.
a. epigenetics
Answers
Epigenetics - ANSWER-field that deals with changes in gene expression without
modification of the DNA sequence
Histone - ANSWER-protein that binds DNA into a shape that resembles a string
wound around a ball
Heritability - ANSWER-estimate of the degree to which variation in a characteristic
depends on genetic variations
phenylketonuria (PKU) - ANSWER-genetic inability to metabolize the amino acid
phenylalanine
Evolution - ANSWER-change over generations in the frequencies of various genes in
a population
Artificial selection - ANSWER-process of selecting plants/animals for desired traits
Lamarckian evolution - ANSWER-hypothesis that use of some body part will change
its size in the next generation
Fitness - ANSWER-spreading of genes
Altruistic behavior - ANSWER-action that benefits someone other than the actor
Proliferation - ANSWER-production of new cells
Migrate - ANSWER-movement of brain neurons or glia
Myelination - ANSWER-process by which glia produce insulating fatty sheaths that
accelerate transmission in many vertebrate axons
Neural Darwinism - ANSWER-principle of competition among axons
nerve growth factor (NGF) - ANSWER-protein that promotes the survival of axons in
certain axons in the brain
Apoptosis - ANSWER-programmed mechanism of cell death
Far transfer - ANSWER-improvement of a skill due to practice at a dissimilar skill
Stroke - ANSWER-temporary loss of normal blood flow to a brain area
, Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) - ANSWER-result of interrupted blood flow to the
brain from blood clot or ruptured artery
Edema - ANSWER-accumulation of fluid
tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) - ANSWER-drug that breaks up blood clots
Diaschisis - ANSWER-decreased activity of surviving brain neurons after damage to
other neurons
Collateral sprout - ANSWER-newly formed branch of an axon
Deafferent - ANSWER-loss of sensory input
Given what is known about facial expressions in people born blind, Peleg et al.
(2006) suggest _____.
a. a genetic role in the ability to produce facial expressions
b. that smiling is a learned behavior only
c. that frowning is a learned behavior only
d. that people born blind cannot produce proper facial expressions - ANSWER-a. a
genetic role in the ability to produce facial expressions
Prior to Mendel's work with genetics, it was thought that if two colored flowers (one
red and one white) were mated, the resulting flower would be _____.
a. pink because mixing red and white blend to make pink
b. red because red is stronger than white and would overshadow it
c. red or white depending on which color came from the sperm - ANSWER-a. pink
because mixing red and white blend to make pink
A(n) _____ gene shows a strong effect in either the homozygous or heterozygous
condition.
a. dominant
b. recessive
c. intermediate
d. possessive - ANSWER-a. dominant
Ralph was born with red-green color blindness. His sister, Ana, was not. This makes
sense, as men tend to have more trouble with red-green color blindness because
_____.
a. the red-green gene is a sex-linked gene
b. Ralph's testosterone damaged his eyes
c. Ana's estrogen protected her eyes
d. all males like Ralph are homozygous recessive for color vision - ANSWER-a. the
red-green gene is a sex-linked gene
Lenore Aberle was born in a small town during the middle of a civil war. Scientists
have found that many babies born during that time have health and weight issues
not seen in other babies born outside of the war zone. Lenore's situation is best
explained by the study of _____.
a. epigenetics
