GMS 6552 Exam 2 Latest 2025/2026
Questions and Correct Answers Graded
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Oncogenes in medical practice - CORRECT ANSWER-Specific diagnosis, sub-
classification of tumor type, and/or prognosis can be based on certain gene
involvement
EGFR Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER-Sustaining proliferative signaling
,Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER-evading growth
suppressors
Oncogene - CORRECT ANSWER-A gene that causes or contributes to the
development of cancer
Hallmarks of Cancer - CORRECT ANSWER-Sustaining proliferative signaling
Evading growth suppressors
Activating invasion and metastasis
Enabling replicative immortality
Inducing angiogenesis
Resisting cell death
In vivo oncogenic evidence - CORRECT ANSWER-Cause cancer when activated
in a transgenic animal
Render nontumorigenic cells tumorigenic
Knock down or knock out in tumorigenic cells renders the cells nontumorigenic
Activation/overexpression of the oncogene is strongly correlated with human
cancer
, In vitro oncogenic evidence - CORRECT ANSWER-Causes anchorage-
independent growth in soft agar (protection from anoikis)
Causes focus formation (loss of contact inhibition)
Renders cell growth factor independent
Oncogenes in Cancer - CORRECT ANSWER-Aberrant expression of proto-
oncogenes that increases cell proliferation/survival
First identified in cancer-causing viruses
Typically a dominant mechanism
Oncogene activation is usually limited to somatic tissue, but more cases of
inherited oncogene mutations are being found
Biochemical functions of oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWER-G-proteins (Ras)
Protein Kinases (Raf, Akt)
Lipid Kinases (PI3-Kinase)
Transcription Factors (Myc)
Binding and inactivating apoptotic proteins (BCL2)
Protein Kinase regulatory subunits (Cyclins A, E, D)
Transcriptional coactivators (B-Catenin, YAP, TAZ)
Questions and Correct Answers Graded
A+|Brand New Version
Oncogenes in medical practice - CORRECT ANSWER-Specific diagnosis, sub-
classification of tumor type, and/or prognosis can be based on certain gene
involvement
EGFR Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER-Sustaining proliferative signaling
,Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER-evading growth
suppressors
Oncogene - CORRECT ANSWER-A gene that causes or contributes to the
development of cancer
Hallmarks of Cancer - CORRECT ANSWER-Sustaining proliferative signaling
Evading growth suppressors
Activating invasion and metastasis
Enabling replicative immortality
Inducing angiogenesis
Resisting cell death
In vivo oncogenic evidence - CORRECT ANSWER-Cause cancer when activated
in a transgenic animal
Render nontumorigenic cells tumorigenic
Knock down or knock out in tumorigenic cells renders the cells nontumorigenic
Activation/overexpression of the oncogene is strongly correlated with human
cancer
, In vitro oncogenic evidence - CORRECT ANSWER-Causes anchorage-
independent growth in soft agar (protection from anoikis)
Causes focus formation (loss of contact inhibition)
Renders cell growth factor independent
Oncogenes in Cancer - CORRECT ANSWER-Aberrant expression of proto-
oncogenes that increases cell proliferation/survival
First identified in cancer-causing viruses
Typically a dominant mechanism
Oncogene activation is usually limited to somatic tissue, but more cases of
inherited oncogene mutations are being found
Biochemical functions of oncogenes - CORRECT ANSWER-G-proteins (Ras)
Protein Kinases (Raf, Akt)
Lipid Kinases (PI3-Kinase)
Transcription Factors (Myc)
Binding and inactivating apoptotic proteins (BCL2)
Protein Kinase regulatory subunits (Cyclins A, E, D)
Transcriptional coactivators (B-Catenin, YAP, TAZ)
