BIO 302- CANCER THE MOTHER OF
ALL DISEASES EXAM 2 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
What is all cancer caused by? - ANS An alteration or mutation in cellular DNA
Agents that cause cancer all called - ANS carcinogens
agents that alter DNA are designated as - ANS mutagens
not all carcinogens are mutagens but - ANS all mutagens are carcinogens
mutagens mutate what type of genes ? - ANS driver genes
Causation is related to two things - ANS 1. environmental factors
2. genetic factors
initiating mutation - ANS is either non-inherited or inherited
genetic susceptibilitiy - ANS an inherited factor
ex. how efficiently your DNA repair enzymes work
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, cancer initiation mutations are - ANS most commonly acquired and NOT inherited
T/F: Initiating causes are still unknown for many cancers - ANS TRUE
somatic mutations - ANS occur in nongermline tissues and cannot be inherited
germline mutations - ANS present in egg or sperm and can be inherited
T/F: Most hereditary cancers are caused by inherited tumor suppressor gene mutations
controlling cell growth or DNA repair - ANS TRUE
hereditary cancer - ANS when one damaged gene is inherited
T/F: cancer is primarily an environmental disease - ANS TRUE
90-95% are due to environment
Most common environmental factors are - ANS tobacco, diet/obesity, and infection
Causal inference - ANS cause and effect connection is deterined by reasoning and factual
evidence (used because human experimentation is unethical)
empirical science - ANS direct evidence produced by experiment- cell cultures
Guidelines for Causal inference - ANS dose-response relation: increase exposure=increase
risk
temporal relation: exposure of factor occur before disease
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
ALL DISEASES EXAM 2 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
What is all cancer caused by? - ANS An alteration or mutation in cellular DNA
Agents that cause cancer all called - ANS carcinogens
agents that alter DNA are designated as - ANS mutagens
not all carcinogens are mutagens but - ANS all mutagens are carcinogens
mutagens mutate what type of genes ? - ANS driver genes
Causation is related to two things - ANS 1. environmental factors
2. genetic factors
initiating mutation - ANS is either non-inherited or inherited
genetic susceptibilitiy - ANS an inherited factor
ex. how efficiently your DNA repair enzymes work
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, cancer initiation mutations are - ANS most commonly acquired and NOT inherited
T/F: Initiating causes are still unknown for many cancers - ANS TRUE
somatic mutations - ANS occur in nongermline tissues and cannot be inherited
germline mutations - ANS present in egg or sperm and can be inherited
T/F: Most hereditary cancers are caused by inherited tumor suppressor gene mutations
controlling cell growth or DNA repair - ANS TRUE
hereditary cancer - ANS when one damaged gene is inherited
T/F: cancer is primarily an environmental disease - ANS TRUE
90-95% are due to environment
Most common environmental factors are - ANS tobacco, diet/obesity, and infection
Causal inference - ANS cause and effect connection is deterined by reasoning and factual
evidence (used because human experimentation is unethical)
empirical science - ANS direct evidence produced by experiment- cell cultures
Guidelines for Causal inference - ANS dose-response relation: increase exposure=increase
risk
temporal relation: exposure of factor occur before disease
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
