Test Bank for Psychology: From
Inquiry to Understanding, 5th
Canadian Edition
Discrete emotion theory - ANSWERStheory that humans experience a small number of distinct
emotions that are rooted in their biology. Emotional reaction comes before our interpretation.
display rules - ANSWERSross-cultural guidelines for how and when to express emotions
Duchenne smile - ANSWERSa genuine smile that involves contraction of a particular set of facial
muscles
cognitive theories of emotion - ANSWERStheories proposing that emotions are products of thinking
James-Lange theory of emotion - ANSWERStheory proposing that emotions result from our
interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli
somatic marker theory - ANSWERStheory proposing that we use our "gut reactions" to help us
determine how we should act
Cannon-Bard theory - ANSWERSthe theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously
triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion
two-factor theory - ANSWERSthe Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1)
be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal
mere exposure effect - ANSWERSthe phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases
liking of them
facial feedback hypothesis - ANSWERSthe idea that facial expressions can influence emotions as well
as reflect them
nonverbal leakage - ANSWERSunconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behavior
, pinocchio response - ANSWERSsupposedly perfect physiological or behavioral indicator of lying
Guilty Knowledge test - ANSWERSalternative to the polygraph test that relies on the premise that
criminals harbor concealed knowledge about the crime that innocent people don't
integrity test - ANSWERSquestionnaire that presumably assesses workers' tendency to steal or cheat
broaden and build theory - ANSWERStheory proposing that happiness predisposes us to think more
openly
positivity effect - ANSWERSthe tendency for elderly people to perceive, prefer, and remember
positive images and experiences more than negative ones
affective forecasting - ANSWERSthe tendency for people to overestimate how events will make them
feel in the future
durability bias - ANSWERSbelief that both our good and bad moods will last longer than they do
hedonic treadmills - ANSWERStendency for our moods to adapt to external circumstance
positivity illusions - ANSWERStendencies to perceive ourselves more favorably than others
defensive pessimism - ANSWERSstrategy of anticipating failure and compensating for this
expectation by mentally over preparing for negative outcomes
drive reduction theory - ANSWERSapproach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from
physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce
tension and arousal
homeostasis - ANSWERSA tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation
of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Inquiry to Understanding, 5th
Canadian Edition
Discrete emotion theory - ANSWERStheory that humans experience a small number of distinct
emotions that are rooted in their biology. Emotional reaction comes before our interpretation.
display rules - ANSWERSross-cultural guidelines for how and when to express emotions
Duchenne smile - ANSWERSa genuine smile that involves contraction of a particular set of facial
muscles
cognitive theories of emotion - ANSWERStheories proposing that emotions are products of thinking
James-Lange theory of emotion - ANSWERStheory proposing that emotions result from our
interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli
somatic marker theory - ANSWERStheory proposing that we use our "gut reactions" to help us
determine how we should act
Cannon-Bard theory - ANSWERSthe theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously
triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion
two-factor theory - ANSWERSthe Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1)
be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal
mere exposure effect - ANSWERSthe phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases
liking of them
facial feedback hypothesis - ANSWERSthe idea that facial expressions can influence emotions as well
as reflect them
nonverbal leakage - ANSWERSunconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behavior
, pinocchio response - ANSWERSsupposedly perfect physiological or behavioral indicator of lying
Guilty Knowledge test - ANSWERSalternative to the polygraph test that relies on the premise that
criminals harbor concealed knowledge about the crime that innocent people don't
integrity test - ANSWERSquestionnaire that presumably assesses workers' tendency to steal or cheat
broaden and build theory - ANSWERStheory proposing that happiness predisposes us to think more
openly
positivity effect - ANSWERSthe tendency for elderly people to perceive, prefer, and remember
positive images and experiences more than negative ones
affective forecasting - ANSWERSthe tendency for people to overestimate how events will make them
feel in the future
durability bias - ANSWERSbelief that both our good and bad moods will last longer than they do
hedonic treadmills - ANSWERStendency for our moods to adapt to external circumstance
positivity illusions - ANSWERStendencies to perceive ourselves more favorably than others
defensive pessimism - ANSWERSstrategy of anticipating failure and compensating for this
expectation by mentally over preparing for negative outcomes
drive reduction theory - ANSWERSapproach to motivation that assumes behavior arises from
physiological needs that cause internal drives to push the organism to satisfy the need and reduce
tension and arousal
homeostasis - ANSWERSA tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation
of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
