NUFT 202 Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions

1. scientific method - ANSWER • methodical way to solve problems using reasoning • looks for truth or verifies that a set of factors agrees with reality • 5 steps: identify the problem, collect data, formulate a question/hypothesis, test, evaluate results 2. problem solving - ANSWER evaluating a situation over time, identifying possible solutions, and trying a solution over time to make sure that it is effective 3. decision making - ANSWER • a product of critical thinking that focuses on problem resolution • involves moving back and forth when considering all criteria and leads to informed conclusions that are supported by evidence and reason 4. specific critical thinking - ANSWER diagnostic reasoning and clinical inference, clinical decision making, experience 5. diagnostic reasoning - ANSWER • process for determining a patient's health problems • begins when you interact with a patient or make physical or behavioral observations 6. clinical inference - ANSWER process of drawing conclusions from related pieces of evidence and previous experience with the evidence 7. clinical decision making - ANSWER • requires careful reasoning • occurs through knowing the patient 8. nursing process as a competency - ANSWER • the purpose of the nursing process if diagnose and treat human responses to actual and potential health problems • enables nurses to help patient's meet agreed-on outcomes for better health 9. attitudes for critical thinking - ANSWER confidence, independence, fairness, responsibility, accountability, risk taking, discipline, perseverance, creativity, curiosity, integrity, humility 10. confidence - ANSWER • belief in oneself, one's judgment and psychomotor skills, and one's possession of knowledge and ability to think critically and draw appropriate conclusions • grows with experience in recognizing strengths and weaknesses • builds trust between nurse and patients 11. independence - ANSWER challenge the ways that others think and look for rational and logical answers to problems 12. fairness - ANSWER dealing with situations justly 13. responsibility - ANSWER knowledge that you are accountable for your decisions, actions, and critical thinking 14. accountability - ANSWER • recognizing when nursing care is ineffective • knowing limits and scope of practice 15. risk-taking - ANSWER trying different ways to solve problems 16. perseverance - ANSWER to keep looking for more resources until you find a successful approach 17. creativity - ANSWER • finding solutions outside the standard routines of care while still following standard of practice • motivates you to think of options and unique approaches 18. curiosity - ANSWER motivates you to inquire further and investigate a clinical situation so you get all the information you need to make a decision 19. integrity - ANSWER being honest and willing to admit mistakes or inconsistencies in his or her own beliefs, behaviors, or ideas 20. humility - ANSWER admitting to any limitations in your knowledge and skill 21. intellectual standards of critical thinking - ANSWER • clear, precise, and accurate • relevant plausible and consistent • logical complete and significant • adequate and fair 22. professional standards - ANSWER refer to ethical criteria for nursing judgements, evidence-based criteria use for evaluation and criteria for professional responsibility 23. reflective journaling - ANSWER define and express clinical experiences in your own words 24. meeting with colleagues - ANSWER discuss and examine work experiences and validate decisions 25. concept mapping - ANSWER visual representation of patient problems and interventions that shows their relationships to one another 26. purpose of concept mapping - ANSWER better synthesize relevant data about a patient, including assessment data, nursing diagnoses, health needs, nursing interventions and evaluation measures 27. clinical judgment definition - ANSWER an interpretation or conclusion about a patient's needs, concerns, or health problems, and/or the decision to take action (or not), use or modify standard approaches or improvise new ones as deemed appropriate by the patient's response 28. positive consequences which may occur when clinical judgment optimally exists - ANSWER • effective patient education • positive patient outcomes • evidence-based nursing care • effective nurse-patient relationships 29. negative consequences which may occur when clinical judgment is ineffective - ANSWER • unsafe nursing care • failure to rescue patient • breach of professional boundaries • ineffective communication 30. components of the clinical judgment model (NIRR) - ANSWER noticing, interpreting, responding, reflecting 31. noticing - ANSWER • perceptual grasp of the situation at hand • function of a nurses expectations of the situation 32. context - ANSWER knowledge of the particular patient and their patterns of responses 33. background - ANSWER experience with other similar patient situations 34. expectations - ANSWER vision of excellent practice and values r/t the situation 35. interpreting - ANSWER developing sufficient understanding of the situation and how one needs to respond 36. reasoning patterns - ANSWER analytic, intuitive, and narrative 37. analytic reasoning - ANSWER hypothetico-deductive reasoning pattern 38. intuitive - ANSWER immediate recognition of a pattern and responding 39. narrative - ANSWER the meaning people attribute to their illness and their ways of coping 40. responding - ANSWER deciding on a course of action deemed appropriate for the situation 41. reflecting - ANSWER attending to patient's responses to the nursing action while in the process of acting 42. factors affecting clinical judgment - ANSWER contact, culture, experience, intuition and perception 43. clinical grasp - ANSWER • clinical inquiry in action • begins with perception and includes problem identification and clinical judgment across time about the particular transitions of particular patients 44. clinical forethought - ANSWER • intertwined with clinical grasp • pervasive habit of thought and action in nursing practice 45. future think - ANSWER anticipating likely immediate futures helps the clinician make good plans and decisions about preparing the environment so that responding rapidly to changes in the patient is possible 46. changes in society that lead to changes in nursing - ANSWER affordable care act, rising health care costs, demographic changes, and medically underserved 47. affordable care act (ACA) - ANSWER • affects how health care is paid for and delivered • impacts how and where nursing care is provided 48. rising health care costs - ANSWER • presents challenges to nursing profession, consumer, and health care delivery system • nurses are responsible for providing patients with best quality care in efficient and economically sound manner 49. demographic changes - ANSWER changes needed to occur as to how care is provided especially in areas of outpatient, community, and home-based services and the population changes 50. medically underserved - ANSWER group of patients whose physical status does not improve and health care needs increase 51. patient-centered care - ANSWER taking a holistic view of each patient when providing care 52. professional nursing - ANSWER • administer quality care • be responsible and accountable - maintain and acquire knowledge 53. defining nursing as a profession - ANSWER administering quality patient-centered care in a safe, prudent, and knowledgeable manner 54. nursing requires - ANSWER • current knowledge and practice standards • insightful and compassionate approach • critical thinking 55. benner's stages of nursing proficiency - ANSWER novice, advanced beginner, competent proficient, expert