NUFT 204 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions

1. Anorexia - ANSWER lack of appetite 2. NPO - ANSWER nothing by mouth 3. Clear Liquid Diet - ANSWER only liquids that you can "hold up and see through;" a diet that consists of foods that are liquid at room temperature and leave little residue in the intestine. Ex: Water, Sprite, Ginger Ale, all beverages without any residue, broth, Jello 4. Full Liquid Diet - ANSWER This diet includes: All liquids, foods that are liquid at room temp., foods that a liquid at body temp, ice cream/pudding/custard, milk, all fruit juice, creamed soup, refined cooked cereals 5. Soft Diet - ANSWER Similar to a regular diet using foods that require little chewing, easy to digest 6. Select Diet - ANSWER clients who receive a menu and may select their meals for the next day within the parameters of their diet orders; "house" "regular" 7. Common lab tests for GIGU - ANSWER Plasma proteins- albumin, transferrin, pre-albumin, retinal binding protein, total iron binding capacity, hemoglobin 8. Dysphagia - ANSWER Difficulty swallowing that leads to malnutrition. Requires multidisciplinary team support (nutritionist, SLP, pharmacist, doctor). 9. First Action if Coughing or Choking - ANSWER CLEAR AIRWAY, remove food immediately, bedside suction 10. Pharmacology - ANSWER study that deals with chemicals that affect the body's functioning 11. Nurses must have drug knowledge of: - ANSWER drug names, preparations, classifications, adverse side effects, physiologic factors, routes of administration, nursing considerations 12. Who can prescribe orders (rx) - ANSWER Dr or NP 13. Drug Classification - ANSWER classified: -body system -symptom -clinical indication 14. Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER -medications alter an already existing physiology -"receptors" on cells interact with the drug -some stimulate a reaction -some block a reaction 15. Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER -Absorption -Distribution -Metabolism -Excretion 16. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - ANSWER -Into the bloodstream (or local) -Route administered determines speed -serum drug levels therapeutic, peak, trough, half life 17. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - ANSWER -protein building -blood-brain barrier -placenta 18. Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism - ANSWER Breakdown into inactive form 19. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - ANSWER Leaving the body by what organ, sometimes through sweat 20. IV for Gentamicin measuring peak & trough - ANSWER Peak-amount of drug at highest point in the blood stream *draw 30 minutes exactly after the 3rd dose,* if level is too high, the *drug dose* needs adjustment Trough-measured right before hanging IV bag 3, if level is wrong, *change the timing* not the dose 21. Three Checks for Safe Med Administration - ANSWER 1. Reaching for the package 2. Before pouring or opening 3. Before giving it to the patient 22. Wheeze Breath Sound - ANSWER -Continuous, high pitched, musical sound, longer than crackles -Hissing quality, heard with expiration, however, can be heard on inspiration -Produced when air flows through narrowed airways -Associated conditions-asthma, COPD 23. Rhonchi - ANSWER -Similar to wheezes -Low pitched, snoring quality, continuous, musical sounds -Implies obstruction of larger airways by secretions -Associated condition- acute bronchitis 24. Stridor - ANSWER -Inspiratory musical wheeze -Loudest over trachea -Suggests obstructed trachea or larynx -Medical emergency requiring immediate attention -Associated condition = inhaled foreign body 25. Atelectasis - ANSWER collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli 26. COPD - ANSWER Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 27. Pleural Effusion - ANSWER an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intrapleural spaces of the lungs. 28. Orthopnea - ANSWER ability to breathe only in an upright position 29. 30. 31. 32. Pneumothorax - ANSWER Collapsed lung; PTX Hemothorax - ANSWER Blood in the pleural space ARDS - ANSWER adult respiratory distress syndrome Tactile fremitus - ANSWER Defined as the vibration felt while palpating over the chest wall as a patient speaks, usually speaking "ninety-nine" 33. Creptis - ANSWER popping or a grating sound on movement 34. Percussion of Thigh Should Sound Like _____? - ANSWER Flatness 35. Percussion of Liver Should Sound Like _____? - ANSWER Dullness 36. Percussion of Lung Should Sound Like _____? - ANSWER Resonance 37. Percussion of Stomach Should Sound Like _____? - ANSWER Tympany 38. Hyperresonance - ANSWER lower-pitched, booming sound found when too much air is present, such as in emphysema or pneumothorax. 39. Generalized Hyperresonance is caused by ____? - ANSWER COPD 40. Unilateral Hyperresonance is caused by ____? - ANSWER Pneumothorax 41. Dullness replaces resonance in lung sounds when - ANSWER fluid or solid tissue replaces air: -pleural effusions -hemothorax -tumor 42. Positioning patients to assist in oxygenation - ANSWER *high fowler's* ; Allows for free movement of the diaphragm and expansion of the chest wall 43. Incentive Spirometry - ANSWER a common postoperative breathing therapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the patient to inhale and hold an inspiratory volume to exercise the lungs and prevent pulmonary complications 44. Pursed Lip Breathing - ANSWER This breathing exercise is used to reduce the respiratory rate, increase tidal volume, reduce dyspnea, decrease mechanical disadvantage of an impaired ventilatory pump, improve gas mixing at rest for patient with COPD, and facilitate relaxation 45. Chest Physiotherapy - ANSWER a series of maneuvers including percussion, vibration, and postural drainage designed to promote clearance of excessive respiratory secretions. 46. The _______________ provides positive expiratory pressure (PEP) with oral airway oscillations. - ANSWER Acapella Device 47. Early Symptoms of Hypoxia (Initial Response) - ANSWER Restlessness Anxiety Tachycardia/Tachypnea 48. Late Symptoms to Hypoxia - ANSWER Bradycardia Extreme Restlessness Dyspnea 49. Pulmonary Function Test - ANSWER PFT; a group of tests that measure how well the lungs take in and release air and how well they move gases such a oxygen from the atmosphere into the body's circulation 50. Peak Flow Meter - ANSWER A Pulmonary Function Test; a handheld device often used to test those with asthma to measure how quickly the patient can expel air 51. Test; Pulse Oximetry - ANSWER A Pulmonary Function An assessment tool that measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds. 52. Sputum Collection - ANSWER Observe color, odor, consistency; encourage fluids beforehand to loosen secretions, obtain specimen before the start of antibiotics; Sputum not saliva, deep cough, do not touch inside of container, increase fluids to loosen secretions, obtain in AM 53. Expectoration - ANSWER coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs 54. Nasal Cannula - ANSWER An oxygen-delivery device in which oxygen flows through two small, tubelike prongs that fit into the patient's nostrils; 1-6L/min; if over 4L needs humidifier 55. Minimum Oxygen Flow for Face Mask - ANSWER 5L/min Simple Face Mask (Oxygen) - ANSWER 6-10L/min Partial Rebreather - ANSWER a face mask and reservoir oxygen bag with no one-way valve to the reservoir bag so that some exhaled air mixes with the oxygen; used in some patients to help preserve carbon dioxide levels in the blood to stimulate breathing. Non-rebreather - ANSWER 6-15L/min Venturi Mask - ANSWER 4-10L/min; most precise flow concentration; the "mercedes" of air masks Afterload - ANSWER the peripheral resistance that the left ventricle pumps against during contraction (systole) Preload - ANSWER the end diastolic volume that stretches the right or left ventricle of the heart to its greatest geometric dimensions under variable physiologic demand. Hemodynamics - ANSWER an important part of cardiovascular physiology dealing with the forces the pump (the heart) has to develop to circulate blood through the cardiovascular system. Common variables that alter BP in healthy people - ANSWER weight, sleep, age, emotions, hereditary, and viscosity of blood