NURS 641 STUDY GUIDE UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔The strength association between two variables is indicated by which statistical
method?
a. correlation coefficient
b. cronbach's alpha
c. dichotomous measurement
d. histogram - ✔✔correlation coefficient
✔✔what does a p-value of 0.08 mean?
a.There are 8 chances in 100 that the finding is true
b. There are 8 chances in 100 that the finding is a chance variation
c. There are 8 chances in 10 that the finding is true
d. There are 8 chances in 100 that the finding is biased - ✔✔There are 8 chances in
100 that the finding is a chance variation
✔✔When one variable precedes the other in time and the correlation between them is
high, which statement can be made with confidence?
a. The variable that comes earliest in time causes the other variable
b. There is a high level of association between the two variables
c. The two variables have an association with an outcome variable
d. There are no extraneous variables at work in the situation - ✔✔There is a high level
of association between the two variables
✔✔What does the statistic r2 represent?
a. What would happen if the variable were present at twice the levels found
b. The chances that the variables are perfectly correlated
c. The proportion of variation in one variable that is accounted for by variation in the
other variable, and vice versa
d. What the correlation coefficient would be if the sample size were twice as large -
✔✔The proportion of variation in one variable that is accounted for by variation in the
other variable, and vice versa
✔✔What are the two dimensions that describe a relationship between two variables?
a. Truth and consequences
b. Direction and strength
c. Strength and weakness
d. Increasing and decreasing variation - ✔✔direction and strength
✔✔In a correlation study, the p value of a Pearson r statistic is 0.005. What does this
mean?
a. There is a small association between the two variables
b. There is a very small chance that the relationship between the two variables is zero
c. The variable that is first in time determined .5% of the variation in the other variable
, d. Only 5% of the variables are the result of shared influences - ✔✔There is a very
small chance that the relationship between the two variables is zero
✔✔What does a negative correlation statistic value mean?
a. For most individuals, both variables had values less than zero
b. The results are the opposite of what was expected
c. On the whole, individual with low values on one variable tended to have low values
on the other variable
d. On the whole, individuals with high values on one variable tended to have low values
on the other variable - ✔✔On the whole, individuals with high values on one variable
tended to have low values on the other variable
✔✔In correlational research when two variables have a very strong relationship, the
Pearson r value will be near:
a. one hundred (100)
b. ten (10)
c. one (1)
d. zero (0) - ✔✔one
✔✔A nurse is reviewing results in a study measuring the correlation between pain and
patients' activity level. The Pearson r of the association between the two variables is
.66. What conclusions can the nurse make about the study results?
a. The variables are related in the population.
b. There is a high level of association between the two variables
c. The measurement of study variables has high reliability.
d. Pain reduces patients' activity - ✔✔There is a high level of association between the
two variables
✔✔In the exemplar study about depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure
(Graven et al, 2014), which of the following significant relationships was found?
a. Maladaptive problem solving and age were related
b. Maladaptive problem solving and social support were related
c. Heart failure symptoms and social support were related
d. Depressive symptoms and heart failure symptoms were related - ✔✔Depressive
symptoms and heart failure symptoms were related
✔✔What concern exists to a greater extent in quasi-experimental studies than in
experimental studies?
a. The Hawthorne effect
b. Too small a sample size
c. Low statistical power
d. The influence of extraneous variables - ✔✔The influence of extraneous variables
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔The strength association between two variables is indicated by which statistical
method?
a. correlation coefficient
b. cronbach's alpha
c. dichotomous measurement
d. histogram - ✔✔correlation coefficient
✔✔what does a p-value of 0.08 mean?
a.There are 8 chances in 100 that the finding is true
b. There are 8 chances in 100 that the finding is a chance variation
c. There are 8 chances in 10 that the finding is true
d. There are 8 chances in 100 that the finding is biased - ✔✔There are 8 chances in
100 that the finding is a chance variation
✔✔When one variable precedes the other in time and the correlation between them is
high, which statement can be made with confidence?
a. The variable that comes earliest in time causes the other variable
b. There is a high level of association between the two variables
c. The two variables have an association with an outcome variable
d. There are no extraneous variables at work in the situation - ✔✔There is a high level
of association between the two variables
✔✔What does the statistic r2 represent?
a. What would happen if the variable were present at twice the levels found
b. The chances that the variables are perfectly correlated
c. The proportion of variation in one variable that is accounted for by variation in the
other variable, and vice versa
d. What the correlation coefficient would be if the sample size were twice as large -
✔✔The proportion of variation in one variable that is accounted for by variation in the
other variable, and vice versa
✔✔What are the two dimensions that describe a relationship between two variables?
a. Truth and consequences
b. Direction and strength
c. Strength and weakness
d. Increasing and decreasing variation - ✔✔direction and strength
✔✔In a correlation study, the p value of a Pearson r statistic is 0.005. What does this
mean?
a. There is a small association between the two variables
b. There is a very small chance that the relationship between the two variables is zero
c. The variable that is first in time determined .5% of the variation in the other variable
, d. Only 5% of the variables are the result of shared influences - ✔✔There is a very
small chance that the relationship between the two variables is zero
✔✔What does a negative correlation statistic value mean?
a. For most individuals, both variables had values less than zero
b. The results are the opposite of what was expected
c. On the whole, individual with low values on one variable tended to have low values
on the other variable
d. On the whole, individuals with high values on one variable tended to have low values
on the other variable - ✔✔On the whole, individuals with high values on one variable
tended to have low values on the other variable
✔✔In correlational research when two variables have a very strong relationship, the
Pearson r value will be near:
a. one hundred (100)
b. ten (10)
c. one (1)
d. zero (0) - ✔✔one
✔✔A nurse is reviewing results in a study measuring the correlation between pain and
patients' activity level. The Pearson r of the association between the two variables is
.66. What conclusions can the nurse make about the study results?
a. The variables are related in the population.
b. There is a high level of association between the two variables
c. The measurement of study variables has high reliability.
d. Pain reduces patients' activity - ✔✔There is a high level of association between the
two variables
✔✔In the exemplar study about depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure
(Graven et al, 2014), which of the following significant relationships was found?
a. Maladaptive problem solving and age were related
b. Maladaptive problem solving and social support were related
c. Heart failure symptoms and social support were related
d. Depressive symptoms and heart failure symptoms were related - ✔✔Depressive
symptoms and heart failure symptoms were related
✔✔What concern exists to a greater extent in quasi-experimental studies than in
experimental studies?
a. The Hawthorne effect
b. Too small a sample size
c. Low statistical power
d. The influence of extraneous variables - ✔✔The influence of extraneous variables
