Bio-105 Exam #1 Questions And Answers Graded A+!!!

biology - ANS The study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environmnets cell - ANS smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living thiings biosphere - ANS collection of all living things on earth community - ANS set of populations inhabiting a particular area ecosystem - ANS all living things in a particular area together with the abiotic parts homeostasis - ANS ability of an organism to maintain constant internal condtions macromolecule - ANS large molecule, typically formed by joining of smaller molecules molecule - ANS chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by one or more chemical bonds organ - ANS collection of related tissues grouped together organ system - ANS level of organization that consists of functionally related interacting organs organelle - ANS small structures that exist within cells and carry out cellular functions organism - ANS individual living entity population - ANS all of the individuals of a species living within a specific area prokaryote - ANS single-celled organism that lacks organelles and does not have nuclei surrounded by a nuclear membrane tissue - ANS group of similar cells carrying out related functions adhesion - ANS attraction between water molecules and other molecules aromatic hydrocarbon - ANS hydrocarbon consisting of closed rings of carbon atoms buffer - ANS substance that prevents a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide atoms capillary action - ANS occurs because water molecules are are attracted to charges on inner surfaces of narrow tubular structure such as glass tubes, drawing water to the sides of the tubes cohesion - ANS inter molecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; responsible for surface tension enantiomers - ANS molecules that share overall structure and bonding patterns, but differ in how the atoms are three dimensional placed such that they are mirror images of each other geometric isomer - ANS isomer with similar bonding patterns differing in the placement of atoms alongside a double covalent bond hydrocarbon - ANS molecule that consists only of carbon and hydrogen hydrophillic - ANS describes ions or polar molecules that interact well with other polar molecules such as water hydrophobic - ANS describes uncharged non-polar molecules that do not interact well with polar molecules such as water isomers - ANS molecules that differ from one another even though they share the same chemical formula organic molecule - ANS any molecule containing carbon; except carbon dioxide structural isomers - ANS molecules that share a chemical formula but differ in the placement of their chemical bonds substituted hydrocarbon - ANS hydrocarbon chain or ring containing an atom of another element in place of one of the backbone carbons cell wall - ANS rigid cell covering made of cellulose that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell central vacuole - ANS large plant cell organelle that regulates the cell's storage compartment, holds water, and plays a significant role in cell growth as the site of macromolecule degradation centrosome - ANS region in animal cells made of two centrioles chlorphyll - ANS green plant pigment that captures light energy that drives the light reactions of photosynthesis chloroplast - ANS plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis chromatin - ANS protein-DNA complex that serves as the building material of chromosomes chromosome - ANS structure within the nucleus that contains DNA, the herditary mamterial cilium - ANS plural = cilia; short hair-like structure that extends from plasma membrane in large numbers and is used to move an entire cell or move substances along the outer surface of the cell cytoplasm - ANS entire regions between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope, consisting of organ