Foundations of Maternal-Newborn and
Women's Health Nursing
Questions and answers
,Describe the normal anatomy of the female and male reproductive systems. - answer-In
women, the reproductive system includes the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus,
the cervix, and the vagina. In men, it includes the prostate, the testes, and the penis.
Explain the normal function of the female and male reproductive systems. - answer-The
human reproductive system functions to produce human offspring, with the male
providing sperm and the female providing the ovum.
Describe the structure and function of normal human genes and chromosomes. -
answer-- Genes contain the information necessary for living cells to survive and
reproduce. In most organisms, genes are made of DNA, where the particular DNA
sequence determines the function of the gene.
- Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA). Passed from parents to offspring, DNA contains the specific instructions that
make each type of living creature unique.
Describe the characteristics of single gene traits and their transmission from parent to
child. - answer-If expression of a trait requires only one copy of a gene (one allele), that
trait is considered dominant. If expression of a trait requires 2 copies of a gene (2
alleles), that trait is considered recessive.
Relate chromosomal abnormalities to spontaneous abortion and birth defects in the
infant. - answer-Some chromosomal abnormalities occur when there is an extra
chromosome, while others occur when a section of a chromosome is deleted or
duplicated. Spontaneous abortion is a pregnancy loss before 20 weeks of gestational
age. Genetic abnormalities within the embryo (ie, chromosomal abnormalities) are the
most common cause of spontaneous abortion and account for 50-65% of all
miscarriages.
Explain the characteristics of multifactorial birth defects. - answer-Multifactorial
inheritance means that many factors are involved in causing a birth defect. The factors
are usually both genetic and environmental, where a combination of genes from both
parents, in addition to unknown environmental factors, produce the trait or condition.
Identify environmental factors that can interfere with prenatal development and ways to
prevent or reduce their negative effects. - answer-Environmental influences ranging
from radioactivity and stress in the outside world to drugs, chemicals, hormones, and
viruses in the mother's bloodstream can affect prenatal development. In addition to
abstaining from drugs, alcohol, medications, and other substances, proper medical
care, social support, and postnatal care can all play an important role in minimizing the
dangers of environmental toxins.
Explain the role of the nurse in caring for individuals or families with concerns about
birth defects. - answer-Nurses can help patients understand test results, provide
support, explore implications for family, and encourage compliance with screening and
treatment recommendations.
, Describe the developmental processes of the transition to the role of father. - answer-
Grappling with reality, recognition as parents, involvement in pregnancy and parenting
Couvade: pregnancy related symptoms
Describe the responses of prospective grandparents and siblings to pregnancy. -
answer-Age, other grandchildren, and acceptance of new role for child as a parent
Reassurance of continued importance, support person might be needed
Preembryonic Period - answer-first 2 weeks after conception
Embryonic Period - answer-3rd - 8th week after conception
Fetal Period - answer-9th week - delivery
Preparing for implantation cell divison - answer-Fertilization
Day 0: Zygote
Day 1:
Day 2: Two Cells
Day 3: Four Cells
Day 4: Morula (16 Cells)
Day 5: blastocyte
Day 6:
Day 7: blastocyte implanting
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) - answer-- This stimulates the corpus luteum to
produce estrogen & progesterone (until placenta takes over at wk 13)
- E/P build up uterine lining
- E/P decrease FSH/LH (ovulating horomones)
Ebryonic Period Development - answer-- basic structures of all major body organs are
completed
- extrememly vulnerable to teratogens (agent or factor which causes malformation of an
embryo.)
- development: genetic info from parents, interaction between tissues, timing.
The 3 germ layers - answer-1. Ectoderm (outside) - hair, nails, mucous membranes, NS
2. Mesoderm (middle) - heart beat @ 6 weeks, bone, tendons, kidneys
3. Endoderm (inside) - lining of the bladder, urethra, pancreas, liver, thyroid
Organogenesis - answer-- most critical stage of physical development
- three germs layers form
Fetal Period:
9-12: - answer--Head ½ size of body
-Can curl fingers/make fist
Women's Health Nursing
Questions and answers
,Describe the normal anatomy of the female and male reproductive systems. - answer-In
women, the reproductive system includes the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus,
the cervix, and the vagina. In men, it includes the prostate, the testes, and the penis.
Explain the normal function of the female and male reproductive systems. - answer-The
human reproductive system functions to produce human offspring, with the male
providing sperm and the female providing the ovum.
Describe the structure and function of normal human genes and chromosomes. -
answer-- Genes contain the information necessary for living cells to survive and
reproduce. In most organisms, genes are made of DNA, where the particular DNA
sequence determines the function of the gene.
- Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA). Passed from parents to offspring, DNA contains the specific instructions that
make each type of living creature unique.
Describe the characteristics of single gene traits and their transmission from parent to
child. - answer-If expression of a trait requires only one copy of a gene (one allele), that
trait is considered dominant. If expression of a trait requires 2 copies of a gene (2
alleles), that trait is considered recessive.
Relate chromosomal abnormalities to spontaneous abortion and birth defects in the
infant. - answer-Some chromosomal abnormalities occur when there is an extra
chromosome, while others occur when a section of a chromosome is deleted or
duplicated. Spontaneous abortion is a pregnancy loss before 20 weeks of gestational
age. Genetic abnormalities within the embryo (ie, chromosomal abnormalities) are the
most common cause of spontaneous abortion and account for 50-65% of all
miscarriages.
Explain the characteristics of multifactorial birth defects. - answer-Multifactorial
inheritance means that many factors are involved in causing a birth defect. The factors
are usually both genetic and environmental, where a combination of genes from both
parents, in addition to unknown environmental factors, produce the trait or condition.
Identify environmental factors that can interfere with prenatal development and ways to
prevent or reduce their negative effects. - answer-Environmental influences ranging
from radioactivity and stress in the outside world to drugs, chemicals, hormones, and
viruses in the mother's bloodstream can affect prenatal development. In addition to
abstaining from drugs, alcohol, medications, and other substances, proper medical
care, social support, and postnatal care can all play an important role in minimizing the
dangers of environmental toxins.
Explain the role of the nurse in caring for individuals or families with concerns about
birth defects. - answer-Nurses can help patients understand test results, provide
support, explore implications for family, and encourage compliance with screening and
treatment recommendations.
, Describe the developmental processes of the transition to the role of father. - answer-
Grappling with reality, recognition as parents, involvement in pregnancy and parenting
Couvade: pregnancy related symptoms
Describe the responses of prospective grandparents and siblings to pregnancy. -
answer-Age, other grandchildren, and acceptance of new role for child as a parent
Reassurance of continued importance, support person might be needed
Preembryonic Period - answer-first 2 weeks after conception
Embryonic Period - answer-3rd - 8th week after conception
Fetal Period - answer-9th week - delivery
Preparing for implantation cell divison - answer-Fertilization
Day 0: Zygote
Day 1:
Day 2: Two Cells
Day 3: Four Cells
Day 4: Morula (16 Cells)
Day 5: blastocyte
Day 6:
Day 7: blastocyte implanting
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) - answer-- This stimulates the corpus luteum to
produce estrogen & progesterone (until placenta takes over at wk 13)
- E/P build up uterine lining
- E/P decrease FSH/LH (ovulating horomones)
Ebryonic Period Development - answer-- basic structures of all major body organs are
completed
- extrememly vulnerable to teratogens (agent or factor which causes malformation of an
embryo.)
- development: genetic info from parents, interaction between tissues, timing.
The 3 germ layers - answer-1. Ectoderm (outside) - hair, nails, mucous membranes, NS
2. Mesoderm (middle) - heart beat @ 6 weeks, bone, tendons, kidneys
3. Endoderm (inside) - lining of the bladder, urethra, pancreas, liver, thyroid
Organogenesis - answer-- most critical stage of physical development
- three germs layers form
Fetal Period:
9-12: - answer--Head ½ size of body
-Can curl fingers/make fist
