BIO 105 Exam #1 Questions And Answers

The earliest Earth was not as we know it. Instead what conditions reigned? - ANS Reddish yellow sky; Molten surface; Bombarded by meteorites During its early formation, another planet slammed into Earth. Relatively how big was this other planet? - ANS Size of Mars Scientists hypothesize that the first life had to use which of these gases for energy? - ANS Hydrogen Sulfide Which of the following list of elements best shows the basic building blocks of life? - ANS Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen Chemical evidence posits the first life could have begun as early as: - ANS 3.8 billion years ago What building blocks of life have been found after meteorite impacts? - ANS Amino acids Smaller molecules in our body require what to become larger molecules? - ANS Energy Where could life have formed on the early Earth? - ANS Hydrothermal vents; In meteorite impacts; Underground; and possibly other places These modern organisms closely resemble some of the first photosynthesizing organisms on Earth. - ANS Stromatolites The waste product of photosynthesis created what modern-day valuable economic resource? - ANS Iron ore What is not a limitation to scientific inquiry? - ANS Direct experimentation of conditions where there is little definitive evidence Which of these levels of organization evolve? - ANS Populations (they evolve together, individuals themselves don't evolve) In the geologic timescale used by our class, the sequence eras beginning with the earliest era and proceeding forward to the most recent era is - ANS PreCambrian - Paleozoic - Mesozoic - Cenozoic Evolution is a valid scientific theory because - ANS It provides a testable predictions; Is supported by many many lines of evidence; Future discoveries can change our understanding Relative dating uses ______ to estimate how old a fossil is. - ANS depth within rock layers The creation of a new species is through a process called __________. This can occur when a population is isolated from the rest of its species, in case case the population underwent __________. Otherwise, the population stayed in contact with the remainder of the species and underwent ___________. In both cases however, there was ________ that allowed _______ to accumulate in the genomes of the population that ultimately changed their _________ of the new species. - ANS speciation; allopatric speciation; sympatric speciation; reproductive isolation; mutations; phenotype Life on Earth is considered to ______, because it is present in nearly all of our biomolecules. - ANS carbon-based There were lots of evolutionary trade off over the millions of years humans evolved. Which of the following is a trade off in human evolution? - ANS Reduced sense of smell because of increased vision Why would color vision be useful for an ape or a monkey? - ANS To find ripe fruit Bipedal walking causes which of the problems with the human body that are not present in quadrupedal animals? - ANS slipped back discs; knee injuries; psiatica (nerve problems in back) Our butt-bone, is really what? - ANS the remnant of our tail The genes for a brain are found all the way down the vertebrate family tree in a small worm-like animal called Amphicoelus. - ANS False The proteins that control color vision are called? - ANS Opsins Unlike previous thought, one of our ancestors, Ardi, lived in what type of environment? - ANS Forest Why do trees matter in regard to human evolution? - ANS Food from trees provided the basis for our vision; They provided wood for burning fires to cook food; Our ancestors climbed trees providing the basis of our hands; They provided material for building shelter Humans are part of which primate group? - ANS Apes How similar are human and chimpanzee genomes including the non-coding region? - ANS 96% Complex life evolved around 650 million years ago. What percentage of Earth's past has complex life existed? - ANS 14% Our closest living relatives on the evolutionary tree are - ANS bonobos and common chimpanzees To which group of contemporary Primates do humans belong? - ANS Hominoids