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Texas STR Certification Exam| Actual
Exam Questions With Answers
Phoneme-Grapheme Mapping - correct-answer -A research-based activity that
helps students build word recognition skills by separating letters into the sounds
they make (e.g., s-t-r-aw = straw).
Ehri's Phases and Spelling Development - correct-answer -The stages of spelling
development that occur simultaneously with word reading development in the
pre-alphabetic, partial alphabetic, full alphabetic, and
consolidated alphabetic phases.
Pre-Alphabetic Spelling - correct-answer -The stage of spelling development when
children scribble or use random letters and numbers to represent words.
Early Alphabetic Spelling - correct-answer -The stage of spelling development
when children begin to apply knowledge of letter-sound correspondences by using
invented spelling (mainly initial and final consonants) in their writing (e.g., "ht" for
"hat")
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Later Alphabetic Spelling - correct-answer -The stage when children begin to use
more phonetically accurate spelling. They use consonants and vowels to spell one-
syllable words and begin to spell sight words correctly.
Consolidated Alphabetic Spelling - correct-answer -The stage of spelling
development when children use bigger "units" of letter sequences and patterns to
spell such as syllables, morphemes, onsets and rimes, and whole words. Spelling
of sight words becomes more automatic.
Incidental Visual Cues - correct-answer -Features in or around a written word that
provides information about the word
Choral Reading - correct-answer -A strategy used to build reading fluency where a
group of children read a passage together; it can be done with or without a
teacher
Onset and rime - correct-answer -The onset is the initial phonological unit of a
word (e.g. the "c" in "cat) and the rime is the string of letters that follow (usually a
vowel and final consonant such as the "at" in "cat").
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Phoneme-grapheme Mapping - correct-answer -A research-based activity that
helps students build word recognition skills by separating letters into the sounds
they make (e.g., s-t-r-aw = straw). A research-based strategy in which students
match phonemes with the corresponding graphemes using a grid.
Coarticulation - correct-answer -The idea that a speech sound is influenced by the
sounds around it (e.g., the nasal consonant /m/ influences the vowel "a" in the
word "ham")
Voiced Consonants - correct-answer -Consonant sounds that are made by
vibrating the vocal chords (e.g., /b/ and /g/)
Stops - correct-answer -Consonant sounds made by briefly obstructing airflow,
then releasing one burst of sound (e.g., /p/, /b/)
Nasals - correct-answer -Voiced consonant sounds produced when the soft palate
is lowered and air flows through the nose instead of the mouth (e.g, /n/, /m/,
/ng/)
Fricatives - correct-answer -Consonant sounds produced when air is forced
through small spaces in the mouth (e.g., /f/, /s/)
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Affricates - correct-answer -Consonant sounds produced when air is stopped first,
then forcefully released (e.g., /ch/, /j/)
Glides - correct-answer -Consonants sounds that flow seamlessly into the vowel
that follows (e.g., /w/, /wh/, /y/)
Liquids - correct-answer -Voiced consonant sounds that are characterized as
"vowel-like" and smooth (e.g., /l/, /r/)
Schwa - correct-answer -A neutral vowel typically found in unaccented syllables. It
can sound like a short "i" (as in "wagon") or a short "u" (as in "about").
Diphthong - correct-answer -A combination of two speech sounds within the
same syllable (e.g., /ow/ in "how" and /oy/ in "boy")
Manner of Articulation - correct-answer -The actions that occur when sounds are
spoken (e.g., stops, fricatives)
Texas STR Certification Exam| Actual
Exam Questions With Answers
Phoneme-Grapheme Mapping - correct-answer -A research-based activity that
helps students build word recognition skills by separating letters into the sounds
they make (e.g., s-t-r-aw = straw).
Ehri's Phases and Spelling Development - correct-answer -The stages of spelling
development that occur simultaneously with word reading development in the
pre-alphabetic, partial alphabetic, full alphabetic, and
consolidated alphabetic phases.
Pre-Alphabetic Spelling - correct-answer -The stage of spelling development when
children scribble or use random letters and numbers to represent words.
Early Alphabetic Spelling - correct-answer -The stage of spelling development
when children begin to apply knowledge of letter-sound correspondences by using
invented spelling (mainly initial and final consonants) in their writing (e.g., "ht" for
"hat")
,2|Page
Later Alphabetic Spelling - correct-answer -The stage when children begin to use
more phonetically accurate spelling. They use consonants and vowels to spell one-
syllable words and begin to spell sight words correctly.
Consolidated Alphabetic Spelling - correct-answer -The stage of spelling
development when children use bigger "units" of letter sequences and patterns to
spell such as syllables, morphemes, onsets and rimes, and whole words. Spelling
of sight words becomes more automatic.
Incidental Visual Cues - correct-answer -Features in or around a written word that
provides information about the word
Choral Reading - correct-answer -A strategy used to build reading fluency where a
group of children read a passage together; it can be done with or without a
teacher
Onset and rime - correct-answer -The onset is the initial phonological unit of a
word (e.g. the "c" in "cat) and the rime is the string of letters that follow (usually a
vowel and final consonant such as the "at" in "cat").
,3|Page
Phoneme-grapheme Mapping - correct-answer -A research-based activity that
helps students build word recognition skills by separating letters into the sounds
they make (e.g., s-t-r-aw = straw). A research-based strategy in which students
match phonemes with the corresponding graphemes using a grid.
Coarticulation - correct-answer -The idea that a speech sound is influenced by the
sounds around it (e.g., the nasal consonant /m/ influences the vowel "a" in the
word "ham")
Voiced Consonants - correct-answer -Consonant sounds that are made by
vibrating the vocal chords (e.g., /b/ and /g/)
Stops - correct-answer -Consonant sounds made by briefly obstructing airflow,
then releasing one burst of sound (e.g., /p/, /b/)
Nasals - correct-answer -Voiced consonant sounds produced when the soft palate
is lowered and air flows through the nose instead of the mouth (e.g, /n/, /m/,
/ng/)
Fricatives - correct-answer -Consonant sounds produced when air is forced
through small spaces in the mouth (e.g., /f/, /s/)
, 4|Page
Affricates - correct-answer -Consonant sounds produced when air is stopped first,
then forcefully released (e.g., /ch/, /j/)
Glides - correct-answer -Consonants sounds that flow seamlessly into the vowel
that follows (e.g., /w/, /wh/, /y/)
Liquids - correct-answer -Voiced consonant sounds that are characterized as
"vowel-like" and smooth (e.g., /l/, /r/)
Schwa - correct-answer -A neutral vowel typically found in unaccented syllables. It
can sound like a short "i" (as in "wagon") or a short "u" (as in "about").
Diphthong - correct-answer -A combination of two speech sounds within the
same syllable (e.g., /ow/ in "how" and /oy/ in "boy")
Manner of Articulation - correct-answer -The actions that occur when sounds are
spoken (e.g., stops, fricatives)
