VATI PHARMACOLOGY EXAM
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% PASS
A client with a digoxin level of 2.4 ng/ml has a heart rate of 39. The health care provider
prescribes atropine sulfate. What best describes the intended action of atropine for this client?
- ANS To accelerate the HR by interfering with vagal impulses
*Atropine-anticholinergics
What is felbamate used for? - ANS refractory partial and generalized seizures, Lennox-
Gastaut syndrome
What is Lennox-Gastaut syndrome? - ANS kids < 7 y/o with mental retardation and seizures
(any type)
What are the S/S of Herpes simplex 2? - ANS Vesicular lesions
Tingling pains
Fever
HA
Swollen lymph nodes
What are astringents? - ANS Liquid-based formulas that contain alcohol that help cleanse
skin, tighten pores and dry out oil. Astringent pads used to relieve itching, burning, and
irritation caused by hemorrhoids
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,What is an adverse effect of glucocorticoids? - ANS Peptic ulcers b/c glucocorticoids irritate
the gastric mucosa
How do glucocorticoids affect potassium? - ANS Cause hypokalemia
Zolpidem (Ambien) causes what adverse effect? - ANS Dizziness and daytime drowsiness
*used for insomnia
What is hydroxychloroquine? - ANS Antimalarial med used for RA. High risk of SE of
retinopathy, which can be irreversible and cause blindness
How should hemorrhoids be treated? - ANS -Increase fluids and fiber to soften stool and
reduce straining
-Topical analgesic ointments
-Astringent pads
When is herpes simplex most transmissible? - ANS Equally transmissible in active and latent
stages
What is doxepin (Silenor)? - ANS Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used for depression, anxiety,
and insomnia. Anticholinergic effects and postural hypotension
What is clonidine? - ANS An alpha 2 agonist used for HTN, severe pain, and ADHD. Common
adverse effect: dry mouth
When removing a central line from a client's right internal jugular vein, how should the client be
positioned? - ANS Trendelenberg. Entry site should be below the level of the client's heart
(limit blood's ability to flow for a bit)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,What are the SE of Bumex (bumetanide)? - ANS -hypokalemia
-postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
How does an increase in sodium levels affect lithium levels? - ANS Decreases lithium levels
*Indirectly related
How does a decrease in sodium levels affect lithium levels? - ANS Increases lithium levels
*Indirectly related
How do loop diuretics work? - ANS Prevent sodium from leaving the filtrate (pre-urine), so
water stays in filtrate too, leading to Na and water excretion. Also hypokalemia-Causes loss of
K+ into urine. Risk of Ototoxicity, hyponatremia, hypokalemia,
What should you do if you note an elevated serum amylase in a patient? - ANS Call doctor
immediately because this indicates a pancreatic disorder which is dangerous
What does elevated serum amylase indicate? - ANS Excess pancreas enzyme: amylase. Acute
pancreatitis or other pancreas disorder
What is Ethcrynic acid (Edecrin)? - ANS Loop diuretic-
What is Bumex (bumetanide)? - ANS Loop diuretic-blocks reabsorption of sodium and water
in the tubules of the kidneys. It is usually prescribed for HF to reduce excessive fluid. It is more
potent than lasix
Common SE:
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, -hypokalemia
-postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
The designation of proximal, medial, and distal ports on a central venous catheter is related to:
- ANS The location of the eyelets at the end fo the catheter in the vein (the different
endpoints of the central line along the SVC)
A provider prescribes gold salts for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. For what serious side
effects will the client require monitoring? - ANS Diarrhea
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
What is stomatitis? - ANS painful inflammation and sores of the oral mucosa (can be seen in
chemo pt's)
How does diphenhydramine (Benadryl) work? - ANS Competes with histamine for receptors;
thus reducing vasodilation of capillaries, pruritis, and inflammation (d/t lack of histamine
binding)
How much fluid does a syringe pump push? - ANS <60 mL (its the pump that sits on a surface
and pushes a syringe's fluid over a preset period of time)
What route must lipids be administered in? - ANS Peripheral IV or central line
Lipid emulsions need what to be administered? - ANS An infusion pump to avoid a rapid
influx of emulsion into intravascular system
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% PASS
A client with a digoxin level of 2.4 ng/ml has a heart rate of 39. The health care provider
prescribes atropine sulfate. What best describes the intended action of atropine for this client?
- ANS To accelerate the HR by interfering with vagal impulses
*Atropine-anticholinergics
What is felbamate used for? - ANS refractory partial and generalized seizures, Lennox-
Gastaut syndrome
What is Lennox-Gastaut syndrome? - ANS kids < 7 y/o with mental retardation and seizures
(any type)
What are the S/S of Herpes simplex 2? - ANS Vesicular lesions
Tingling pains
Fever
HA
Swollen lymph nodes
What are astringents? - ANS Liquid-based formulas that contain alcohol that help cleanse
skin, tighten pores and dry out oil. Astringent pads used to relieve itching, burning, and
irritation caused by hemorrhoids
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,What is an adverse effect of glucocorticoids? - ANS Peptic ulcers b/c glucocorticoids irritate
the gastric mucosa
How do glucocorticoids affect potassium? - ANS Cause hypokalemia
Zolpidem (Ambien) causes what adverse effect? - ANS Dizziness and daytime drowsiness
*used for insomnia
What is hydroxychloroquine? - ANS Antimalarial med used for RA. High risk of SE of
retinopathy, which can be irreversible and cause blindness
How should hemorrhoids be treated? - ANS -Increase fluids and fiber to soften stool and
reduce straining
-Topical analgesic ointments
-Astringent pads
When is herpes simplex most transmissible? - ANS Equally transmissible in active and latent
stages
What is doxepin (Silenor)? - ANS Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used for depression, anxiety,
and insomnia. Anticholinergic effects and postural hypotension
What is clonidine? - ANS An alpha 2 agonist used for HTN, severe pain, and ADHD. Common
adverse effect: dry mouth
When removing a central line from a client's right internal jugular vein, how should the client be
positioned? - ANS Trendelenberg. Entry site should be below the level of the client's heart
(limit blood's ability to flow for a bit)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,What are the SE of Bumex (bumetanide)? - ANS -hypokalemia
-postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
How does an increase in sodium levels affect lithium levels? - ANS Decreases lithium levels
*Indirectly related
How does a decrease in sodium levels affect lithium levels? - ANS Increases lithium levels
*Indirectly related
How do loop diuretics work? - ANS Prevent sodium from leaving the filtrate (pre-urine), so
water stays in filtrate too, leading to Na and water excretion. Also hypokalemia-Causes loss of
K+ into urine. Risk of Ototoxicity, hyponatremia, hypokalemia,
What should you do if you note an elevated serum amylase in a patient? - ANS Call doctor
immediately because this indicates a pancreatic disorder which is dangerous
What does elevated serum amylase indicate? - ANS Excess pancreas enzyme: amylase. Acute
pancreatitis or other pancreas disorder
What is Ethcrynic acid (Edecrin)? - ANS Loop diuretic-
What is Bumex (bumetanide)? - ANS Loop diuretic-blocks reabsorption of sodium and water
in the tubules of the kidneys. It is usually prescribed for HF to reduce excessive fluid. It is more
potent than lasix
Common SE:
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, -hypokalemia
-postural hypotension
-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity
-HA
-loss of appetite
The designation of proximal, medial, and distal ports on a central venous catheter is related to:
- ANS The location of the eyelets at the end fo the catheter in the vein (the different
endpoints of the central line along the SVC)
A provider prescribes gold salts for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. For what serious side
effects will the client require monitoring? - ANS Diarrhea
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
What is stomatitis? - ANS painful inflammation and sores of the oral mucosa (can be seen in
chemo pt's)
How does diphenhydramine (Benadryl) work? - ANS Competes with histamine for receptors;
thus reducing vasodilation of capillaries, pruritis, and inflammation (d/t lack of histamine
binding)
How much fluid does a syringe pump push? - ANS <60 mL (its the pump that sits on a surface
and pushes a syringe's fluid over a preset period of time)
What route must lipids be administered in? - ANS Peripheral IV or central line
Lipid emulsions need what to be administered? - ANS An infusion pump to avoid a rapid
influx of emulsion into intravascular system
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
