Nursing Care of Children ATI ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Dehydration: Oral rehydration is attempted first for mild and moderate cases of dehydration. -
CORRECT ANSWERS ☐ Mild: 50 mL/kg rehydration fluid every 4 to 6 hr
☐ Moderate: 100 mL/kg rehydration fluid every 4 to 6 hr
☐ Replacement of diarrhea losses with 10 mL/kg each stool
Dehydration: Monitor parenteral fluid therapy as prescribed - CORRECT ANSWERS ☐
Implemented when a child is unable to drink enough oral fluids to correct fluid losses, and those
who have severe dehydration or continued vomiting.
☐ Isotonic solution at 20 mL/kg IV bolus with possible repeat for isotonic and hypotonic
dehydration.
☐ Hypertonic dehydration - Rapid fluid replacement is contraindicated because of the risk of
cerebral edema.
☐ Administer maintenance IV fluids as prescribed.
☐ Avoid potassium replacement until kidney function is verified.
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Dietary sources of iron - CORRECT ANSWERS ☐ Infants -
iron-fortified cereals and formula
,☐ Older children - dried beans and lentils; peanut butter; green, leafy vegetables; iron-fortified
breads and flour; poultry; and red meat
Nutritional Needs of Infants who have Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWERS Encourage
the child to eat foods high in potassium, such as bran cereals, potatoes, tomatoes, bananas,
melons, oranges, and orange juice.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWERS ● Nursing
Care
◯ General Interventions
■ Remain calm when providing care.
■ Keep the child well-hydrated.
■ Conserve the child's energy by providing frequent rest periods; clustering care; providing
small, frequent meals; bathing PRN; and keeping crying to a minimum in cyanotic children.
■ Perform daily weight and I&O to monitor fluid status and nutritional status.
■ Monitor heart rate, blood pressure, serum electrolytes, and renal function for complications.
■ Provide support and resources for parents to promote developmental growth in the child.
■ Monitor family coping and provide support.
■ Administer prescribed medications.
■ Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
☐ Administer potassium supplements if prescribed. These might not be indicated if the child is
concurrently taking an ACE inhibitor.
☐ Maintain sodium and fluid restrictions if prescribed.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure: Decrease workload of the heart - CORRECT
ANSWERS ☐ Maintain bed rest.
, ☐ Position the infant in a car seat or hold at a 45° angle. Keep safety restraints low and loose on
the abdomen.
☐ Allow the child to sleep with several pillows and encourage a semi-Fowler's or Fowler's
position while awake.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure: Provide for adequate nutrition. - CORRECT
ANSWERS ☐ Plan to feed the infant using a feeding schedule of every 3 hr. The infant
should be rested, which occurs soon after awakening.
☐ Use a soft preemie nipple or a regular nipple with a slit to provide an enlarged opening.
☐ Hold the infant in a semi-upright position.
☐ Allow the infant to rest during feedings, taking approximately 30 min to complete the feeding
☐ Gavage feed the infant if he is unable to consume enough formula or breast milk.
☐ Increase caloric density of formula gradually from 20 to 30 kcal/oz.
☐ Encourage mothers who are breastfeeding to alternate feedings with high-density formula or
fortified breast milk.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure: Increase tissue oxygenation. - CORRECT
ANSWERS ☐ Provide cool, humidified oxygen via an oxygen hood (or tent), mask, or
nasal cannula.
☐ Suction the airway as indicated.
☐ Monitor oxygen saturation every 2 to 4 hr.
Evaluating Understanding of Diabetes Mellitus Dietary Management - CORRECT
ANSWERS ◯ Provide nutritional guidelines.
■ Read labels for nutritional value.
■ Meal planning is based on the requirements of growth and development of the child.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Dehydration: Oral rehydration is attempted first for mild and moderate cases of dehydration. -
CORRECT ANSWERS ☐ Mild: 50 mL/kg rehydration fluid every 4 to 6 hr
☐ Moderate: 100 mL/kg rehydration fluid every 4 to 6 hr
☐ Replacement of diarrhea losses with 10 mL/kg each stool
Dehydration: Monitor parenteral fluid therapy as prescribed - CORRECT ANSWERS ☐
Implemented when a child is unable to drink enough oral fluids to correct fluid losses, and those
who have severe dehydration or continued vomiting.
☐ Isotonic solution at 20 mL/kg IV bolus with possible repeat for isotonic and hypotonic
dehydration.
☐ Hypertonic dehydration - Rapid fluid replacement is contraindicated because of the risk of
cerebral edema.
☐ Administer maintenance IV fluids as prescribed.
☐ Avoid potassium replacement until kidney function is verified.
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Dietary sources of iron - CORRECT ANSWERS ☐ Infants -
iron-fortified cereals and formula
,☐ Older children - dried beans and lentils; peanut butter; green, leafy vegetables; iron-fortified
breads and flour; poultry; and red meat
Nutritional Needs of Infants who have Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWERS Encourage
the child to eat foods high in potassium, such as bran cereals, potatoes, tomatoes, bananas,
melons, oranges, and orange juice.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure - CORRECT ANSWERS ● Nursing
Care
◯ General Interventions
■ Remain calm when providing care.
■ Keep the child well-hydrated.
■ Conserve the child's energy by providing frequent rest periods; clustering care; providing
small, frequent meals; bathing PRN; and keeping crying to a minimum in cyanotic children.
■ Perform daily weight and I&O to monitor fluid status and nutritional status.
■ Monitor heart rate, blood pressure, serum electrolytes, and renal function for complications.
■ Provide support and resources for parents to promote developmental growth in the child.
■ Monitor family coping and provide support.
■ Administer prescribed medications.
■ Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
☐ Administer potassium supplements if prescribed. These might not be indicated if the child is
concurrently taking an ACE inhibitor.
☐ Maintain sodium and fluid restrictions if prescribed.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure: Decrease workload of the heart - CORRECT
ANSWERS ☐ Maintain bed rest.
, ☐ Position the infant in a car seat or hold at a 45° angle. Keep safety restraints low and loose on
the abdomen.
☐ Allow the child to sleep with several pillows and encourage a semi-Fowler's or Fowler's
position while awake.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure: Provide for adequate nutrition. - CORRECT
ANSWERS ☐ Plan to feed the infant using a feeding schedule of every 3 hr. The infant
should be rested, which occurs soon after awakening.
☐ Use a soft preemie nipple or a regular nipple with a slit to provide an enlarged opening.
☐ Hold the infant in a semi-upright position.
☐ Allow the infant to rest during feedings, taking approximately 30 min to complete the feeding
☐ Gavage feed the infant if he is unable to consume enough formula or breast milk.
☐ Increase caloric density of formula gradually from 20 to 30 kcal/oz.
☐ Encourage mothers who are breastfeeding to alternate feedings with high-density formula or
fortified breast milk.
Planning Care for an Infant who has Heart Failure: Increase tissue oxygenation. - CORRECT
ANSWERS ☐ Provide cool, humidified oxygen via an oxygen hood (or tent), mask, or
nasal cannula.
☐ Suction the airway as indicated.
☐ Monitor oxygen saturation every 2 to 4 hr.
Evaluating Understanding of Diabetes Mellitus Dietary Management - CORRECT
ANSWERS ◯ Provide nutritional guidelines.
■ Read labels for nutritional value.
■ Meal planning is based on the requirements of growth and development of the child.
