BIO 440 FINAL EXAM STUDY SET 2025/26 QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Which of the below are strategies that were employed in generating the first
published human genome sequences (check all that apply)? Answer - ✅Top
down
✅Bottom up
Upside down
Inside out
Which of the following sequencing strategies were NOT utilized by the publicly
funded Human Genome Project (check all they apply): Answer - ✅assembly
of short, 200-fold redundant randomly generated sequences from the entire
genome
✅alignment of short sequencing reads to a reference genome.
Minimum tiling paths of cloned segments forming contig maps
Sequencing of clones that constitute the tiling path
Clinal amplification of DNA using microbiological organism faces challenges
associated with (check all that apply): Answer - ✅regions that could not be
cloned (unclimbable regions)
✅organism toxicity
✅genomic rearrangements and alterations
,The limited life span of microorganisms containing clones
An alternative name for the process the maxam-Gilbert method uses for
sequencing is: Answer - ✅chemical sequencing
The terminating nucleotide used in Sanger sequencing is a: Answer -
Dideoxyribonucleotide
Whole genome shot gun sequencing (check all that apply): Answer - ✅is a key
component of current next generation sequencing strategies
✅contributed to the generation of the first whole human genome sequence
published
✅is an essential component of "bottom-up" sequencing strategies
Requires the use of segments clones in microorganisms
Next generation sequencing (check all that apply): Answer - ✅employs new
signal amplification and detection platforms
✅generates huge volumes of data that require computers and algorithms to
process
Starts with maps of DNA segments clones in microorganisms to generate a
minimal tiling path for sequencing
Requires microbial cloning DNA fragments to isolate and amplify segments for
sequencing
, Current use next generation sequencing platforms (check all that apply):
Answer - ✅use sequencing by synthesis protocol
✅use sequencing by ligation protocols
Use chemical sequencing protocols
Visualize the sequencing products through silver staining of gels
Alternative next generation sequencing platforms (check all that apply): Answer
- ✅produce sequence reads of different lengths
✅vary widely in the cost per million base pairs sequenced
Have very similar sequencing capacities (amount sequence generated and time
required to generate the sequence)
Are the only means to generate sequence
Next generation (and NEXT next generation) sequencing technologies include
(check all they apply): Answer - ✅emulsion PCR
✅ bridge PCR
✅ single molecular real time (SMRT) technology
Robotic microbiology clone colony pickers
Reference genome databases (check all that apply): Answer - ✅provide
biologic context for genome experiments generating new sequence
✅act as repositories of current genomic data and knowledge
✅can support 4th paradigm scientific research
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Which of the below are strategies that were employed in generating the first
published human genome sequences (check all that apply)? Answer - ✅Top
down
✅Bottom up
Upside down
Inside out
Which of the following sequencing strategies were NOT utilized by the publicly
funded Human Genome Project (check all they apply): Answer - ✅assembly
of short, 200-fold redundant randomly generated sequences from the entire
genome
✅alignment of short sequencing reads to a reference genome.
Minimum tiling paths of cloned segments forming contig maps
Sequencing of clones that constitute the tiling path
Clinal amplification of DNA using microbiological organism faces challenges
associated with (check all that apply): Answer - ✅regions that could not be
cloned (unclimbable regions)
✅organism toxicity
✅genomic rearrangements and alterations
,The limited life span of microorganisms containing clones
An alternative name for the process the maxam-Gilbert method uses for
sequencing is: Answer - ✅chemical sequencing
The terminating nucleotide used in Sanger sequencing is a: Answer -
Dideoxyribonucleotide
Whole genome shot gun sequencing (check all that apply): Answer - ✅is a key
component of current next generation sequencing strategies
✅contributed to the generation of the first whole human genome sequence
published
✅is an essential component of "bottom-up" sequencing strategies
Requires the use of segments clones in microorganisms
Next generation sequencing (check all that apply): Answer - ✅employs new
signal amplification and detection platforms
✅generates huge volumes of data that require computers and algorithms to
process
Starts with maps of DNA segments clones in microorganisms to generate a
minimal tiling path for sequencing
Requires microbial cloning DNA fragments to isolate and amplify segments for
sequencing
, Current use next generation sequencing platforms (check all that apply):
Answer - ✅use sequencing by synthesis protocol
✅use sequencing by ligation protocols
Use chemical sequencing protocols
Visualize the sequencing products through silver staining of gels
Alternative next generation sequencing platforms (check all that apply): Answer
- ✅produce sequence reads of different lengths
✅vary widely in the cost per million base pairs sequenced
Have very similar sequencing capacities (amount sequence generated and time
required to generate the sequence)
Are the only means to generate sequence
Next generation (and NEXT next generation) sequencing technologies include
(check all they apply): Answer - ✅emulsion PCR
✅ bridge PCR
✅ single molecular real time (SMRT) technology
Robotic microbiology clone colony pickers
Reference genome databases (check all that apply): Answer - ✅provide
biologic context for genome experiments generating new sequence
✅act as repositories of current genomic data and knowledge
✅can support 4th paradigm scientific research
