Stages of protein synthesis
🧬 Protein Synthesis Overview
Protein synthesis (translation) is the process by which mRNA is decoded to form a specific
polypeptide (protein).
It occurs in the ribosome and involves mRNA, tRNA, ribosomal RNA, and enzymes.
---
🔹 The Three Stages of Protein Synthesis
1. Initiation
Mechanism:
The small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA.
In prokaryotes, this occurs at the Shine–Dalgarno sequence; in eukaryotes, it starts at the 5′
cap.
The initiator tRNA carrying methionine (AUG start codon) binds to the start codon on mRNA.
The large ribosomal subunit then joins, forming a complete initiation complex.
Key components:
mRNA (template)
tRNA carrying methionine
Ribosome (small + large subunit)
🧬 Protein Synthesis Overview
Protein synthesis (translation) is the process by which mRNA is decoded to form a specific
polypeptide (protein).
It occurs in the ribosome and involves mRNA, tRNA, ribosomal RNA, and enzymes.
---
🔹 The Three Stages of Protein Synthesis
1. Initiation
Mechanism:
The small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA.
In prokaryotes, this occurs at the Shine–Dalgarno sequence; in eukaryotes, it starts at the 5′
cap.
The initiator tRNA carrying methionine (AUG start codon) binds to the start codon on mRNA.
The large ribosomal subunit then joins, forming a complete initiation complex.
Key components:
mRNA (template)
tRNA carrying methionine
Ribosome (small + large subunit)
