BIOL 121 Midterm 1 Exam Most Newest
2025/2026 Questions and Correct Answers
Graded A+|Assured Success
What is a genome? - CORRECT ANSWER-All of the DNA in the nucleus/cell.
This includes the mitochondrial DNA.
What is the mitochondrial genome? - CORRECT ANSWER-distinct from the
human nuclear genome = only the DNA found in the nucleus. It is contained in a
single, circular chromosome (similar to most bacteria). Mitochondria are normally
inherited exclusively from the mother.
,What is a gene? - CORRECT ANSWER-A specific region of a chromosome, RNA-
codingDNA.
Haploid - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell contains one of each type of chromosome
(no chromosomal pairs)
Diploid - CORRECT ANSWER-Two of each type of chromosome (pairs)
How do you determine how many chromosomes are in a cell? - CORRECT
ANSWER-# Centromere's = #Chromosomes
What is a chromosome? - CORRECT ANSWER-A single long DNA double helix
that is wrapped around proteins (histones) in a highly organized manner.
Un-replicated chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER-Consists of a single long DNA
double helix wrapped around proteins.
Replicated Chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER-Consists of two copies of the
same chromosome
, Condensed replicated chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA condensed
around its associated proteins, resulting in a compact chromosome.
Chromatid - CORRECT ANSWER-Each of the DNA copies in a replicated
chromosome.
Centromere - CORRECT ANSWER-Specialized region of the chromosome where
two chromatids are joined together. This location contains special proteins.
Sister Chromatids - CORRECT ANSWER-Chromatids from the same
chromosome.
Homologous chromosomes (homologs) - CORRECT ANSWER-Two
chromosomes of the same "type". The are the same length/size, have
centromeres in the same location, and carry the same gene in the same locations
relative to the centromere. Two homologous chromosomes can also be referred
to as a "homologous pair".
What state are chromosomes in most of the time (i.e. not mitosis or meiosis) -
CORRECT ANSWER-Un-condensed "mushed". But is still highly organized by
proteins.
2025/2026 Questions and Correct Answers
Graded A+|Assured Success
What is a genome? - CORRECT ANSWER-All of the DNA in the nucleus/cell.
This includes the mitochondrial DNA.
What is the mitochondrial genome? - CORRECT ANSWER-distinct from the
human nuclear genome = only the DNA found in the nucleus. It is contained in a
single, circular chromosome (similar to most bacteria). Mitochondria are normally
inherited exclusively from the mother.
,What is a gene? - CORRECT ANSWER-A specific region of a chromosome, RNA-
codingDNA.
Haploid - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell contains one of each type of chromosome
(no chromosomal pairs)
Diploid - CORRECT ANSWER-Two of each type of chromosome (pairs)
How do you determine how many chromosomes are in a cell? - CORRECT
ANSWER-# Centromere's = #Chromosomes
What is a chromosome? - CORRECT ANSWER-A single long DNA double helix
that is wrapped around proteins (histones) in a highly organized manner.
Un-replicated chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER-Consists of a single long DNA
double helix wrapped around proteins.
Replicated Chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER-Consists of two copies of the
same chromosome
, Condensed replicated chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA condensed
around its associated proteins, resulting in a compact chromosome.
Chromatid - CORRECT ANSWER-Each of the DNA copies in a replicated
chromosome.
Centromere - CORRECT ANSWER-Specialized region of the chromosome where
two chromatids are joined together. This location contains special proteins.
Sister Chromatids - CORRECT ANSWER-Chromatids from the same
chromosome.
Homologous chromosomes (homologs) - CORRECT ANSWER-Two
chromosomes of the same "type". The are the same length/size, have
centromeres in the same location, and carry the same gene in the same locations
relative to the centromere. Two homologous chromosomes can also be referred
to as a "homologous pair".
What state are chromosomes in most of the time (i.e. not mitosis or meiosis) -
CORRECT ANSWER-Un-condensed "mushed". But is still highly organized by
proteins.
