NGR6141 Advanced Patho - Exam 2
Objectives
1. 1a. How does the skin protect us against antigens in the
environment?
1b. What kinds of cells play a role in this process?: - It is the first line of
defense, regulates body temp, immune response
-provides a protective barrier between the host and the outside environment, and the linings of the
internal body organs help absorb substances into the body, excrete waste products, and secrete
substances into body cavities.
-this tissue covers most internal and external surfaces of the body.
-The functions include protection, absorption, secretion, and excretion
-provide biochemical barriers by synthesizing and secreting substances meant to trap of destroy
microorganisms. i.e. Mucus, earwax, goblet cells, saliva, tears.
2. 1c. What kinds of epidermal cells play a role in the protecting us
from anti-
gens?: - Keratinocytes - produce keratin (scleroprotein - protection from stress)
-Melanocyte - produces melanin, shields UV radiation, determines skin color
-Langerhans Cells - migrate from bone marrow, initiates immune response with dendrites
-Merkel Cells - "touch receptors" slowly adapting mechanoreceptors
3. 1d. What kinds of dermal cells play a role in the protecting us from
antigens?: - Fibroblasts - generate connective tissue, for wound healing
-Mast Cells - release histamine, hypersensitivity and immune FX
-Magrophanges - Phagocytotic, partial role in immune response, wound healing
-Histocytes - in loose connective tissue, Machrophange, phagocytes pigments and debris of inflammati
4. 1e. Other types of 'skin' cells that protect us from antigens?: -
Nails: protective keratinized plates
-Sebaceous Glands: secrete sebum, oils skin/hair, prevents drying
-Eccrine Sweat Glands: thermoregulate/ cool the body, evaporation
5. 2. In allergic contact dermatitis, how does the body recognize the
antigen? Think about how the immune response and the cells
involved.: - Allergan comes into contact with the skin bound to a carrier protein, forming a
hapten-specific sensitizing antigen
-Langerhans cells process antigen and carry it to T-Cells
-T-Cells become sensitized to antigen, releasing cytokines and chemokine leading to leukocyte
1/
23
, NGR6141 Advanced Patho - Exam 2
Objectives
infiltration and inflammation
6. 3. What is Tinea Corpis?: - A condition known as RINGWORM that is a fungal infection of
the skin caused
by Trichophyton or mircosporum, classified according to the location.
2/
23
, NGR6141 Advanced Patho - Exam 2
Objectives
results in a circular, clearly circumscribed, mildly erythematous (pink to red) scaly patches with a slightly
elevated "ring-like" boarder, rash and itching or areas no covered by hair
-Commonly found on scalp, feet, face, hands and
groin Source: kittens, puppies, lesion to lesion
contact
7. 4. What are signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis?: - A chronic hereditary
skin disease
characterized by intense itching inflamed skin which causes redness swelling cracking crusting and
scaling. Aka Atopic Eczema. Severe Puritis
-Lichenification - thickening of the epidermis from constant itching and scar tissue formation
8. 5. Where do these cancers originate: (chap 12 p367)
a) Osteogenic sarcoma -
b) Basal cell carcinoma -
c)Multiple myeloma -
d) Adenocarcinoma -: a) Malignant bone forming tumor, most often in bone marrow.
b) CA from epithelial cells, surface, tumor of skin
c) CA from Mesenchymal origin, Granular leukocytes and precursors, slow proliferation of malignant
cells, located in bone marrow
d) CA from Glandular or ductal epithelium, tumor from from epithelial cells with a glandular patterns, ettects
ducts and glands
9. 6. What is meant by tumor cell markers? (Mod 8a - p372): - biochemical
markers that
are sensitive to specific types of tumors and are used to screen, diagnosed, assess the prognosis and
treatment, and monitor reoccurrences.
found in the blood, CSF and urine.
-produced by benign or malignant tumors
-include hormones, enzymes, genes, antigens, antibodies
3/
23
Objectives
1. 1a. How does the skin protect us against antigens in the
environment?
1b. What kinds of cells play a role in this process?: - It is the first line of
defense, regulates body temp, immune response
-provides a protective barrier between the host and the outside environment, and the linings of the
internal body organs help absorb substances into the body, excrete waste products, and secrete
substances into body cavities.
-this tissue covers most internal and external surfaces of the body.
-The functions include protection, absorption, secretion, and excretion
-provide biochemical barriers by synthesizing and secreting substances meant to trap of destroy
microorganisms. i.e. Mucus, earwax, goblet cells, saliva, tears.
2. 1c. What kinds of epidermal cells play a role in the protecting us
from anti-
gens?: - Keratinocytes - produce keratin (scleroprotein - protection from stress)
-Melanocyte - produces melanin, shields UV radiation, determines skin color
-Langerhans Cells - migrate from bone marrow, initiates immune response with dendrites
-Merkel Cells - "touch receptors" slowly adapting mechanoreceptors
3. 1d. What kinds of dermal cells play a role in the protecting us from
antigens?: - Fibroblasts - generate connective tissue, for wound healing
-Mast Cells - release histamine, hypersensitivity and immune FX
-Magrophanges - Phagocytotic, partial role in immune response, wound healing
-Histocytes - in loose connective tissue, Machrophange, phagocytes pigments and debris of inflammati
4. 1e. Other types of 'skin' cells that protect us from antigens?: -
Nails: protective keratinized plates
-Sebaceous Glands: secrete sebum, oils skin/hair, prevents drying
-Eccrine Sweat Glands: thermoregulate/ cool the body, evaporation
5. 2. In allergic contact dermatitis, how does the body recognize the
antigen? Think about how the immune response and the cells
involved.: - Allergan comes into contact with the skin bound to a carrier protein, forming a
hapten-specific sensitizing antigen
-Langerhans cells process antigen and carry it to T-Cells
-T-Cells become sensitized to antigen, releasing cytokines and chemokine leading to leukocyte
1/
23
, NGR6141 Advanced Patho - Exam 2
Objectives
infiltration and inflammation
6. 3. What is Tinea Corpis?: - A condition known as RINGWORM that is a fungal infection of
the skin caused
by Trichophyton or mircosporum, classified according to the location.
2/
23
, NGR6141 Advanced Patho - Exam 2
Objectives
results in a circular, clearly circumscribed, mildly erythematous (pink to red) scaly patches with a slightly
elevated "ring-like" boarder, rash and itching or areas no covered by hair
-Commonly found on scalp, feet, face, hands and
groin Source: kittens, puppies, lesion to lesion
contact
7. 4. What are signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis?: - A chronic hereditary
skin disease
characterized by intense itching inflamed skin which causes redness swelling cracking crusting and
scaling. Aka Atopic Eczema. Severe Puritis
-Lichenification - thickening of the epidermis from constant itching and scar tissue formation
8. 5. Where do these cancers originate: (chap 12 p367)
a) Osteogenic sarcoma -
b) Basal cell carcinoma -
c)Multiple myeloma -
d) Adenocarcinoma -: a) Malignant bone forming tumor, most often in bone marrow.
b) CA from epithelial cells, surface, tumor of skin
c) CA from Mesenchymal origin, Granular leukocytes and precursors, slow proliferation of malignant
cells, located in bone marrow
d) CA from Glandular or ductal epithelium, tumor from from epithelial cells with a glandular patterns, ettects
ducts and glands
9. 6. What is meant by tumor cell markers? (Mod 8a - p372): - biochemical
markers that
are sensitive to specific types of tumors and are used to screen, diagnosed, assess the prognosis and
treatment, and monitor reoccurrences.
found in the blood, CSF and urine.
-produced by benign or malignant tumors
-include hormones, enzymes, genes, antigens, antibodies
3/
23
