;Anatomy & Physiology Exam
With answers
Skeletal muscle - answer-Muscle tissue that attaches to parts of the skeleton and is
responsible for voluntary movement (moving your arm). Function is to provide heat and
movement. Has striations.
Smooth muscle - answer-Muscle tissue found in the walls of hollow internal organs like
the stomach, blood vessels, and intestines. Not voluntary. Function is to move
substances through the body. No striations.
Cardiac muscle - answer-Found in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood
powerfully and efficiently. Not voluntary. Has striations.
Bones - answer-Make up the skeleton and support the body. Protect internal organs,
produce blood cells (hematopoiesis), store minerals (calcium and phosphorus) and are
used for movement.
Joint - answer-Place where two bones meet (knee)
Cartilage - answer-Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and
more flexible than bone. Found at the ends of bones and other places like the ears and
nose.
Ligament - answer-Tough tissue that keeps bones in the correct position during
movement.
Tendon - answer-Tough tissue that attaches muscle to bone. Work to move bones by
pulling on them.
Compact bone - answer-The tough outside of the bone. Keeps the bone from breaking
and provides strength and protection. Made of osteons which are made of lamellae.
Diaphysis - answer-The long part of the bone.
Epiphysis - answer-The ends of the bone which provide places for muscles to attach.
Allows growth.
Medullary cavity - answer-A hollow part of the bone that holds yellow marrow.
, Red marrow - answer-Produces blood cells.
Spongy (Cancellous) bone - answer-Made of a lot of tissue which is hard and strong.
Makes the bone strong and light. The basic unit is trabeculae.
Yellow marrow - answer-Contains stored fat and provides energy reserve for the body.
Osteoblast - answer-Cell that BUILDS bone.
Osteoclast - answer-Cell that DESTROYS bone.
Brain - answer-Organ which controls all other parts of the body. Signals from sensory
neurons go to the brain which then sends signals to the motor neurons.
Spinal cord - answer-Carries information to and from the brain. Reflexes (automatic
responses) are processed directly in the spinal cord and do not go to the brain.
Sensory neurons - answer-Receive information from the organs and send it to the
interneurons.
Interneurons - answer-Make decisions and send that signal to motor neurons. Found in
the spinal cord and brain. They connect the sensory and motor neurons.
Motor neurons - answer-Receive signals from the interneurons and send them to
muscles and glands.
Nerve - answer-Bundle of neurons.
Dendrites - answer-Part of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons.
Axon - answer-Transmit the signal to the axon terminals.
Myelin Sheath - answer-A lipid that insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission
of a nerve impulse.
Axon Terminal - answer-Sends the signal to other neurons.
Cell Body (Neuron) - answer-Contains the nucleus and other cell organelles.
With answers
Skeletal muscle - answer-Muscle tissue that attaches to parts of the skeleton and is
responsible for voluntary movement (moving your arm). Function is to provide heat and
movement. Has striations.
Smooth muscle - answer-Muscle tissue found in the walls of hollow internal organs like
the stomach, blood vessels, and intestines. Not voluntary. Function is to move
substances through the body. No striations.
Cardiac muscle - answer-Found in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood
powerfully and efficiently. Not voluntary. Has striations.
Bones - answer-Make up the skeleton and support the body. Protect internal organs,
produce blood cells (hematopoiesis), store minerals (calcium and phosphorus) and are
used for movement.
Joint - answer-Place where two bones meet (knee)
Cartilage - answer-Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and
more flexible than bone. Found at the ends of bones and other places like the ears and
nose.
Ligament - answer-Tough tissue that keeps bones in the correct position during
movement.
Tendon - answer-Tough tissue that attaches muscle to bone. Work to move bones by
pulling on them.
Compact bone - answer-The tough outside of the bone. Keeps the bone from breaking
and provides strength and protection. Made of osteons which are made of lamellae.
Diaphysis - answer-The long part of the bone.
Epiphysis - answer-The ends of the bone which provide places for muscles to attach.
Allows growth.
Medullary cavity - answer-A hollow part of the bone that holds yellow marrow.
, Red marrow - answer-Produces blood cells.
Spongy (Cancellous) bone - answer-Made of a lot of tissue which is hard and strong.
Makes the bone strong and light. The basic unit is trabeculae.
Yellow marrow - answer-Contains stored fat and provides energy reserve for the body.
Osteoblast - answer-Cell that BUILDS bone.
Osteoclast - answer-Cell that DESTROYS bone.
Brain - answer-Organ which controls all other parts of the body. Signals from sensory
neurons go to the brain which then sends signals to the motor neurons.
Spinal cord - answer-Carries information to and from the brain. Reflexes (automatic
responses) are processed directly in the spinal cord and do not go to the brain.
Sensory neurons - answer-Receive information from the organs and send it to the
interneurons.
Interneurons - answer-Make decisions and send that signal to motor neurons. Found in
the spinal cord and brain. They connect the sensory and motor neurons.
Motor neurons - answer-Receive signals from the interneurons and send them to
muscles and glands.
Nerve - answer-Bundle of neurons.
Dendrites - answer-Part of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons.
Axon - answer-Transmit the signal to the axon terminals.
Myelin Sheath - answer-A lipid that insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission
of a nerve impulse.
Axon Terminal - answer-Sends the signal to other neurons.
Cell Body (Neuron) - answer-Contains the nucleus and other cell organelles.
