Biology 111: Exam Practice Questions with
Complete Reliable Solutions
What are the 7 characteristics of life? - Answer 1. Cells & organization
2. Energy use & metabolism
3. Irritability
4. Homeostasis
5. Growth & development
6. Reproduction
7. Biological evolution
What are the 2 Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change? - Answer 1. Vertical descent with modification
2. Horizontal gene transfer
Taxonomy - Answer Grouping of species based on common ancestry
3 Domains - Answer 1. Bacteria
2. Archaebacteria
3. Eukarya
Bacteria - Answer Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls.
Archaea - Answer Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls.
Eukarya - Answer Domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists, plants, fungi, and
animals
What are the 4 Eukarya Kingdoms? - Answer 1. Protists
2. Fungi
,3. Plantae
4. Animalia
Energy - Answer Capacity to cause change
Prokarya - Answer Domain of all anucleated organisms with cell walls, including archaea and bacteria.
Development - Answer Change in characteristics of cells and / or certain genes/signaling
Gene - Answer A segment of DNA that is involved in producing a protein.
We have 25,000 functional genes and over 3 billion nucleotides.
Transcription - Answer The process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA.
Translation - Answer The process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the
formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
Genome - Answer The complete genetic makeup of an organism, carries information to make its
proteome
Proteome - Answer The complete complement of proteins that a cell or organism can make
Cell - Answer The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
Energy Use - Answer To maintain their internal order, ________ is needed by organisms.
Irritability - Answer An organism's ability to respond to environmental stimuli. E.g., kingdom animalia
has high ___________.
,Cell Theory - Answer All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular.
The cell is the basic unit of life. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Matter - Answer Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Atom - Answer The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of the element that cannot be
broken down naturally
What are the 4 Properties of Life? - Answer Organization of Life
Continuity of Life
Unity
Diversity
Organization of Life - Answer Growth & development is possible through the organization of life
Continuity of Life - Answer Heredity is possible through the continuity of life (DNA)
Diversity - Answer Many types of environments with diverse organisms=speciation
Unity - Answer Common traits rooted in biological evolution.
Homologous Organs - Answer Organs or body parts that are similar in structure and origin but have
different uses in different animals
Analogous Organs - Answer Same function different structure
Vertical Descent with Modification - Answer Progression of changes in a lineage; new species evolve
from pre-existing species by the accumulation of mutations that are selected for by natural selection.
, Horizontal Gene Transfer - Answer The transfer of genes between cells of the same generation. E.g.,
penicillin resistant bacteria confers it's immunity to other bacteria.
What is the Human Taxon? - Answer eukarya, animalia, chordata-vertebrata, mammalia, primates,
haminidae, homo, sapiens
Science - Answer The observation, identification, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation
of natural phenomena.
Theory - Answer Broad explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is substantiated by a large
body of evidence. Allows us to make many predictions. Also can never be proved true
Deductive Reasoning - Answer General principles are used to predict specific results. E.g., the pecies of
an organism can be deduced from its characteristics
Inductive Reasoning - Answer Specific observations are used to construct general scientific principles.
What are the 5 Steps of the Scientific Method? - Answer A series of steps followed to solve problems
1. Collect data
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Test the hypothesis
4. Analyze data
5. State conclusions
Cystic Fibrosis - Answer Affects about 1 in every 3,500 Americans.
Characterized by thick mucus in the lungs.
Homozygous (need 2 bad copies).
Missing amino acid (1 in 1700) prevents ATP from properly binding to protein to pump Cl- ions out of the
cell.
Dorothy Anderson found it to be a genetic disorder; Tsui, Collins, & Riordan identified CF gene.
Complete Reliable Solutions
What are the 7 characteristics of life? - Answer 1. Cells & organization
2. Energy use & metabolism
3. Irritability
4. Homeostasis
5. Growth & development
6. Reproduction
7. Biological evolution
What are the 2 Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change? - Answer 1. Vertical descent with modification
2. Horizontal gene transfer
Taxonomy - Answer Grouping of species based on common ancestry
3 Domains - Answer 1. Bacteria
2. Archaebacteria
3. Eukarya
Bacteria - Answer Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls.
Archaea - Answer Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls.
Eukarya - Answer Domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists, plants, fungi, and
animals
What are the 4 Eukarya Kingdoms? - Answer 1. Protists
2. Fungi
,3. Plantae
4. Animalia
Energy - Answer Capacity to cause change
Prokarya - Answer Domain of all anucleated organisms with cell walls, including archaea and bacteria.
Development - Answer Change in characteristics of cells and / or certain genes/signaling
Gene - Answer A segment of DNA that is involved in producing a protein.
We have 25,000 functional genes and over 3 billion nucleotides.
Transcription - Answer The process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA.
Translation - Answer The process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the
formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
Genome - Answer The complete genetic makeup of an organism, carries information to make its
proteome
Proteome - Answer The complete complement of proteins that a cell or organism can make
Cell - Answer The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
Energy Use - Answer To maintain their internal order, ________ is needed by organisms.
Irritability - Answer An organism's ability to respond to environmental stimuli. E.g., kingdom animalia
has high ___________.
,Cell Theory - Answer All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular.
The cell is the basic unit of life. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Matter - Answer Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Atom - Answer The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of the element that cannot be
broken down naturally
What are the 4 Properties of Life? - Answer Organization of Life
Continuity of Life
Unity
Diversity
Organization of Life - Answer Growth & development is possible through the organization of life
Continuity of Life - Answer Heredity is possible through the continuity of life (DNA)
Diversity - Answer Many types of environments with diverse organisms=speciation
Unity - Answer Common traits rooted in biological evolution.
Homologous Organs - Answer Organs or body parts that are similar in structure and origin but have
different uses in different animals
Analogous Organs - Answer Same function different structure
Vertical Descent with Modification - Answer Progression of changes in a lineage; new species evolve
from pre-existing species by the accumulation of mutations that are selected for by natural selection.
, Horizontal Gene Transfer - Answer The transfer of genes between cells of the same generation. E.g.,
penicillin resistant bacteria confers it's immunity to other bacteria.
What is the Human Taxon? - Answer eukarya, animalia, chordata-vertebrata, mammalia, primates,
haminidae, homo, sapiens
Science - Answer The observation, identification, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation
of natural phenomena.
Theory - Answer Broad explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is substantiated by a large
body of evidence. Allows us to make many predictions. Also can never be proved true
Deductive Reasoning - Answer General principles are used to predict specific results. E.g., the pecies of
an organism can be deduced from its characteristics
Inductive Reasoning - Answer Specific observations are used to construct general scientific principles.
What are the 5 Steps of the Scientific Method? - Answer A series of steps followed to solve problems
1. Collect data
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Test the hypothesis
4. Analyze data
5. State conclusions
Cystic Fibrosis - Answer Affects about 1 in every 3,500 Americans.
Characterized by thick mucus in the lungs.
Homozygous (need 2 bad copies).
Missing amino acid (1 in 1700) prevents ATP from properly binding to protein to pump Cl- ions out of the
cell.
Dorothy Anderson found it to be a genetic disorder; Tsui, Collins, & Riordan identified CF gene.
