NUR 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
11/06/2025
MIDTERM(WALDEN UNIVERSITY) EXAM
NUR 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
(WALDEN UNIVERSITY) EXAM 150+ QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (2025-2026)
A 4-year-old child appears listless for the last week. He complains of pain when he is picked up
by his mother, and he is irritable when touching his arms or legs.
Several large ecchymotic lesions have appeared on his right thigh and left shoulder. A complete
blood count reveals a HgB=10.2, Hct=30.5%, MCV=96fL, platelet count of 45,000/ML, and WBC
count of 13,990/ML. Examination of the peripheral blood smear reveals numerous blasts. The
blasts lack peroxidase- positive granules but do contain periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive
aggregates and stain positively for TdT. Flow cytometry shows the phenotype of blasts to be
CD19+, CD3-, and sIg-. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
B. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
C. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
D. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) Acute
lymphblastic leukemia
11/6/2025
1
,NUR 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
11/06/2025
MIDTERM(WALDEN UNIVERSITY) EXAM
A 3-year-old child of Italian ancestry presents with failure to thrive. Physical examination
indicates hepatosplenomegaly. His hemoglobin concentration is 6 g/dL, and the peripheral
blood smear reveals severely hypochromic microcytic red cells. Total serum iron level is normal.
The reticulocyte count is 10%. Hemoglobin electrophoresis shows very little hemoglobin A. A
radiograph of the skull shows maxillofacial deformities. What is the principle cause of anemia
and other abnormalities in this patient?
A. Reduced synthesis of hemoglobin F
B. Reduced red blood cell survival from imbalance in the production of alpha and beta globin
chains
C. Relative deficiency of vitamin B12
D. Increased fragility of the erythrocyte membrane
Reduced synthesis of hemoglobin F
A 68-year-old previously healthy female has been feeling increasingly tired and weak for
several months. She states that she has had black, tarry stools for several weeks. She is found
to be anemic with a hemoglobin concentration of
9.3g/dL. The peripheral blood smear reveals microcytic and hypochromic blood cells. Which of
the following conditions should be suspected as the most likely of her condition as indicated by
the peripheral blood smear?
A. Aplastic anemia
B. Beta thalassemia
C. Gastrointestinal blood loss
D. Pernicious anemia
11/6/2025
2
,NUR 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
11/06/2025
MIDTERM(WALDEN UNIVERSITY) EXAM
Gastrointestinal blood loss
A 76-year-old female notices that small, pinpoint to blotchy areas of superficial hemorrhage
have appeared on her gums and on the skin of her arms and legs over several weeks. She is
found to have a normal prothrombin time(PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Her CBC
shows hemoglobin concentration of
12.7 g/dL, hematocrit of 37.2%. MCV of 80 fL/red cell, platelet count of 276,000/microliter,
and WBC of 5600/microliter. Her template bleeding time is 3 minutes. Her fibrinogen level is
normal, and there are no fibrin split products detectable. Which of the following conditions
best explain these findings?
A. Chronic renal failure
B. Macronodular cirrhosis
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Vitamin C deficiency
Vitamin C deficiency
A young adult patient has just been diagnosed with Von Willebrand disease. Which of
the following statements should you make to advise the patient of potential
consequences of this disease?
A. You may need an allogeneic bone marrow transplant
B. You may have excessive bleeding following tooth extraction
11/6/2025
3
, NUR 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
11/06/2025
MIDTERM(WALDEN UNIVERSITY) EXAM
C. A splenectomy may be necessary to control the disease
D. Expect increasing difficulties with joint mobility
You may have excessive bleeding following tooth extraction
Low dose aspirin is commonly used to reduce the risk of arterial thrombosis in patients who
have suffered a myocardial infarction. Which one of the following steps in homeostasis is
inhibited by aspirin?
A. Synthesis of von Willebrand factor
B. Aggregation of platelets
C. Activation of factor Xa
D. Synthesis of antithrombin III
Aggregation of platelets
A 24-year-old presents to the office with fatigue. On physical exam, the NP notices that she
ispale with the following vital signs: HR 112, BP 98/64, resp 20, O2 sats 99%. Her CBC shows:
WBC6,000, Hemoglobin 9.6, Hematocrit 30.2, MCV is decreased at 76. What is the mostly
likely causeof this patient's anemia?
A. Iron deficiency anemia caused by menstruation
B. Beta Thalassemia of genetic origin
C. Pernicious anemia caused by dietary deficiency
11/6/2025
4
11/06/2025
MIDTERM(WALDEN UNIVERSITY) EXAM
NUR 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
(WALDEN UNIVERSITY) EXAM 150+ QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (2025-2026)
A 4-year-old child appears listless for the last week. He complains of pain when he is picked up
by his mother, and he is irritable when touching his arms or legs.
Several large ecchymotic lesions have appeared on his right thigh and left shoulder. A complete
blood count reveals a HgB=10.2, Hct=30.5%, MCV=96fL, platelet count of 45,000/ML, and WBC
count of 13,990/ML. Examination of the peripheral blood smear reveals numerous blasts. The
blasts lack peroxidase- positive granules but do contain periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive
aggregates and stain positively for TdT. Flow cytometry shows the phenotype of blasts to be
CD19+, CD3-, and sIg-. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
B. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
C. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
D. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) Acute
lymphblastic leukemia
11/6/2025
1
,NUR 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
11/06/2025
MIDTERM(WALDEN UNIVERSITY) EXAM
A 3-year-old child of Italian ancestry presents with failure to thrive. Physical examination
indicates hepatosplenomegaly. His hemoglobin concentration is 6 g/dL, and the peripheral
blood smear reveals severely hypochromic microcytic red cells. Total serum iron level is normal.
The reticulocyte count is 10%. Hemoglobin electrophoresis shows very little hemoglobin A. A
radiograph of the skull shows maxillofacial deformities. What is the principle cause of anemia
and other abnormalities in this patient?
A. Reduced synthesis of hemoglobin F
B. Reduced red blood cell survival from imbalance in the production of alpha and beta globin
chains
C. Relative deficiency of vitamin B12
D. Increased fragility of the erythrocyte membrane
Reduced synthesis of hemoglobin F
A 68-year-old previously healthy female has been feeling increasingly tired and weak for
several months. She states that she has had black, tarry stools for several weeks. She is found
to be anemic with a hemoglobin concentration of
9.3g/dL. The peripheral blood smear reveals microcytic and hypochromic blood cells. Which of
the following conditions should be suspected as the most likely of her condition as indicated by
the peripheral blood smear?
A. Aplastic anemia
B. Beta thalassemia
C. Gastrointestinal blood loss
D. Pernicious anemia
11/6/2025
2
,NUR 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
11/06/2025
MIDTERM(WALDEN UNIVERSITY) EXAM
Gastrointestinal blood loss
A 76-year-old female notices that small, pinpoint to blotchy areas of superficial hemorrhage
have appeared on her gums and on the skin of her arms and legs over several weeks. She is
found to have a normal prothrombin time(PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Her CBC
shows hemoglobin concentration of
12.7 g/dL, hematocrit of 37.2%. MCV of 80 fL/red cell, platelet count of 276,000/microliter,
and WBC of 5600/microliter. Her template bleeding time is 3 minutes. Her fibrinogen level is
normal, and there are no fibrin split products detectable. Which of the following conditions
best explain these findings?
A. Chronic renal failure
B. Macronodular cirrhosis
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Vitamin C deficiency
Vitamin C deficiency
A young adult patient has just been diagnosed with Von Willebrand disease. Which of
the following statements should you make to advise the patient of potential
consequences of this disease?
A. You may need an allogeneic bone marrow transplant
B. You may have excessive bleeding following tooth extraction
11/6/2025
3
, NUR 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
11/06/2025
MIDTERM(WALDEN UNIVERSITY) EXAM
C. A splenectomy may be necessary to control the disease
D. Expect increasing difficulties with joint mobility
You may have excessive bleeding following tooth extraction
Low dose aspirin is commonly used to reduce the risk of arterial thrombosis in patients who
have suffered a myocardial infarction. Which one of the following steps in homeostasis is
inhibited by aspirin?
A. Synthesis of von Willebrand factor
B. Aggregation of platelets
C. Activation of factor Xa
D. Synthesis of antithrombin III
Aggregation of platelets
A 24-year-old presents to the office with fatigue. On physical exam, the NP notices that she
ispale with the following vital signs: HR 112, BP 98/64, resp 20, O2 sats 99%. Her CBC shows:
WBC6,000, Hemoglobin 9.6, Hematocrit 30.2, MCV is decreased at 76. What is the mostly
likely causeof this patient's anemia?
A. Iron deficiency anemia caused by menstruation
B. Beta Thalassemia of genetic origin
C. Pernicious anemia caused by dietary deficiency
11/6/2025
4
