UAFS physiology Cornell Final Exam Review
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
ICF - CORRECT ANSWERS fluid inside the cell
ECF - CORRECT ANSWERS fluid outside the cell
Ions higher in the ICF - CORRECT ANSWERS K+ and proteins
Ions higher in the ECF - CORRECT ANSWERS - Plasma: Na+, Cl- and proteins
- Intersitial fluid: Na+ and Cl-
Phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS - active mechanism
- From ECF to ICF
- Large Molecule
- creates phagosome and uses pseudopods to "eat" molecules
Endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS - smaller molecule
- plasma membrane invaginates
- some are selective for specific ligand, (receptor mediated endocytosis)
Exocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS - opposite of endocytosis
- Triggered by Ca+
,- sent out in vesicles
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWERS - passive; high to low concentration
- faster w/ shorter distances; decrease distance = increase D.R.
- Increase in gradient = increase in D.R.
- Increase temp = increase in D.R.
- Inversely related to molecular size.
- increase in lipids= increase in D.R.
facilitated diffusion - CORRECT ANSWERS - uses channels or carrier to get across
membrane
- Goes down concentration gradients
- no energy input ( ex. GLUT transport)
Active transport - CORRECT ANSWERS - uses carrier proteins
- moves molecules against concentration gradients
- Requires energy, either directly or indirectly
primary (direct) active transport - CORRECT ANSWERS uses ATP directly for energy
Secondary (indirect) active transport - CORRECT ANSWERS uses potential energy stored
in concentration of one molecule to push another molecule against its gradient
What is resting membrane potential - CORRECT ANSWERS -70mV
, What causes the resting membrane potential? - CORRECT ANSWERS This is when the
cell membrane is at rest. During this resting state the nerve cell has a negative electrical potential
of about -70 mV. It is the electrical disequilibrium between the ECF and ICF
Depolarization - CORRECT ANSWERS The process during the action potential when
sodium is rushing into the cell causing the interior to become more positive/less negative
Repolarization - CORRECT ANSWERS Return of the cell to resting state, caused by
reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell.
Hyperpolarization - CORRECT ANSWERS membrane potential becomes more negative
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS The transport of dissolved substances into cells.
Secretion - CORRECT ANSWERS a process by which substances are produced and
discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion.
transcellular transport - CORRECT ANSWERS transport of materials through the cell;
requires interaction with the cytoplasm and may require transport proteins
paracellular transport - CORRECT ANSWERS Transport of materials through the
interstitial space without interactions with the cytoplasm or cell membrane
Hormones released by the hypothalamus and what they do - CORRECT ANSWERS -
TRH - increase in TSH
- CRH - increase ACTH
- GHRH - Increase GH
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
ICF - CORRECT ANSWERS fluid inside the cell
ECF - CORRECT ANSWERS fluid outside the cell
Ions higher in the ICF - CORRECT ANSWERS K+ and proteins
Ions higher in the ECF - CORRECT ANSWERS - Plasma: Na+, Cl- and proteins
- Intersitial fluid: Na+ and Cl-
Phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS - active mechanism
- From ECF to ICF
- Large Molecule
- creates phagosome and uses pseudopods to "eat" molecules
Endocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS - smaller molecule
- plasma membrane invaginates
- some are selective for specific ligand, (receptor mediated endocytosis)
Exocytosis - CORRECT ANSWERS - opposite of endocytosis
- Triggered by Ca+
,- sent out in vesicles
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWERS - passive; high to low concentration
- faster w/ shorter distances; decrease distance = increase D.R.
- Increase in gradient = increase in D.R.
- Increase temp = increase in D.R.
- Inversely related to molecular size.
- increase in lipids= increase in D.R.
facilitated diffusion - CORRECT ANSWERS - uses channels or carrier to get across
membrane
- Goes down concentration gradients
- no energy input ( ex. GLUT transport)
Active transport - CORRECT ANSWERS - uses carrier proteins
- moves molecules against concentration gradients
- Requires energy, either directly or indirectly
primary (direct) active transport - CORRECT ANSWERS uses ATP directly for energy
Secondary (indirect) active transport - CORRECT ANSWERS uses potential energy stored
in concentration of one molecule to push another molecule against its gradient
What is resting membrane potential - CORRECT ANSWERS -70mV
, What causes the resting membrane potential? - CORRECT ANSWERS This is when the
cell membrane is at rest. During this resting state the nerve cell has a negative electrical potential
of about -70 mV. It is the electrical disequilibrium between the ECF and ICF
Depolarization - CORRECT ANSWERS The process during the action potential when
sodium is rushing into the cell causing the interior to become more positive/less negative
Repolarization - CORRECT ANSWERS Return of the cell to resting state, caused by
reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell.
Hyperpolarization - CORRECT ANSWERS membrane potential becomes more negative
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWERS The transport of dissolved substances into cells.
Secretion - CORRECT ANSWERS a process by which substances are produced and
discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in the organism or for excretion.
transcellular transport - CORRECT ANSWERS transport of materials through the cell;
requires interaction with the cytoplasm and may require transport proteins
paracellular transport - CORRECT ANSWERS Transport of materials through the
interstitial space without interactions with the cytoplasm or cell membrane
Hormones released by the hypothalamus and what they do - CORRECT ANSWERS -
TRH - increase in TSH
- CRH - increase ACTH
- GHRH - Increase GH
