C
Graded A+ Study Pack 2025/2026 Complete Questions with Correct
Answers
Terms in this set (80)
Normal Central Venous 2-8 mmHg
Pressure (CVP) range
Normal Pulmonary Artery 6-12 mmHg
Occlusion Pressure (PAOP)
range
Normal Pulmonary Artery Systolic 20-30 mmHg
(PAS) range
Normal Pulmonary Artery Diastolic 5-15 mmHg
(PAD) range
Normal Pulmonary Artery Mean 11-20 mmHg
(PAM)
Normal Systemic Vascular 800-1200 mmHg
Resistance (SVR) range
Preload volume left in the left ventricle at the end of diastole
What is preload affected by? venous return to the heart, atrial kick, total volume, and ventricular compliance
What drugs can affect preload? Furosemide and nitroglycerin
Afterload Amount of pressure heart has to overcome to pump blood out
What drugs may affect afterload? Vasoconstricters and vasodilators
the contractile force of the heart, how much will it take to move the
Contractility
preload out against the afterload
What is the appropriate hold 5-10 min
time after pulling an arterial
line?
, What part of the heart does the Left ventricle
PAOP affect?
What part of the heart does Right ventricle
the CVP affect?
What does it mean when the Increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure that could be
PAOP is elevated? indicative of left ventricular dysfunction or failure
What does it mean if CVP is Fluid overload or decreased compliance (such as with ARDS and COPD)
elevated?
Stable angina: pain happens with certain activities but then goes
Difference between stable and
away with rest. Unstable angina: chest pain can occur at rest,
unstable angina
becomes more sever or frequent, or lasts longer
ECG changes with an acute MI? ST elevation or depression
ECG changes with hyperkalemia Peaked T waves
What conditions may cause Trauma, acute MI, CABG, and pericarditis
elevated cardiac enzymes?
What is the goal of to increase cardiac output
treatment with cariogenic
shock?
What are the effects of They both increase cardiac output, heart rate, and contractility
nitroprusside (Nipride) and
dobutamine (Dobutrex) on preload,
afterload, and contractility?
Special precautions of Nipride It can cause severe hypotension and cyanide toxicity
Where to listen to assess with a right upper sternal border
murmur associated with aortic
stenosis
What is the most important thing mental status changes
to watch for when administering
tPa?
Aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), ticagrelor (Brilinta), warfarin (Coumadin),
Anti-clotting medications
heparin, apixaban (Eliquis), and enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Heart rate controlling medications Beta blockers (-lol), calcium channel blockers (-ipine), Digoxin
Heart rhythm controlling Na+ channel blockers (lidocaine) and K+ channel blockers (amiodarone)
medications
When pacing, a strong ventricular stimulus occurring on top of the T
R on T phenomenon
wave that can initiate a sustained ventricular tachyarrythmia
Normal PR interval 0.12-0.20 seconds
What can a long PR interval 1st degree heart block, hypokalemia, acute rheumatic fever, or carditis
(>0.20 seconds) indicate? associated with Lyme disease
Graded A+ Study Pack 2025/2026 Complete Questions with Correct
Answers
Terms in this set (80)
Normal Central Venous 2-8 mmHg
Pressure (CVP) range
Normal Pulmonary Artery 6-12 mmHg
Occlusion Pressure (PAOP)
range
Normal Pulmonary Artery Systolic 20-30 mmHg
(PAS) range
Normal Pulmonary Artery Diastolic 5-15 mmHg
(PAD) range
Normal Pulmonary Artery Mean 11-20 mmHg
(PAM)
Normal Systemic Vascular 800-1200 mmHg
Resistance (SVR) range
Preload volume left in the left ventricle at the end of diastole
What is preload affected by? venous return to the heart, atrial kick, total volume, and ventricular compliance
What drugs can affect preload? Furosemide and nitroglycerin
Afterload Amount of pressure heart has to overcome to pump blood out
What drugs may affect afterload? Vasoconstricters and vasodilators
the contractile force of the heart, how much will it take to move the
Contractility
preload out against the afterload
What is the appropriate hold 5-10 min
time after pulling an arterial
line?
, What part of the heart does the Left ventricle
PAOP affect?
What part of the heart does Right ventricle
the CVP affect?
What does it mean when the Increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure that could be
PAOP is elevated? indicative of left ventricular dysfunction or failure
What does it mean if CVP is Fluid overload or decreased compliance (such as with ARDS and COPD)
elevated?
Stable angina: pain happens with certain activities but then goes
Difference between stable and
away with rest. Unstable angina: chest pain can occur at rest,
unstable angina
becomes more sever or frequent, or lasts longer
ECG changes with an acute MI? ST elevation or depression
ECG changes with hyperkalemia Peaked T waves
What conditions may cause Trauma, acute MI, CABG, and pericarditis
elevated cardiac enzymes?
What is the goal of to increase cardiac output
treatment with cariogenic
shock?
What are the effects of They both increase cardiac output, heart rate, and contractility
nitroprusside (Nipride) and
dobutamine (Dobutrex) on preload,
afterload, and contractility?
Special precautions of Nipride It can cause severe hypotension and cyanide toxicity
Where to listen to assess with a right upper sternal border
murmur associated with aortic
stenosis
What is the most important thing mental status changes
to watch for when administering
tPa?
Aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), ticagrelor (Brilinta), warfarin (Coumadin),
Anti-clotting medications
heparin, apixaban (Eliquis), and enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Heart rate controlling medications Beta blockers (-lol), calcium channel blockers (-ipine), Digoxin
Heart rhythm controlling Na+ channel blockers (lidocaine) and K+ channel blockers (amiodarone)
medications
When pacing, a strong ventricular stimulus occurring on top of the T
R on T phenomenon
wave that can initiate a sustained ventricular tachyarrythmia
Normal PR interval 0.12-0.20 seconds
What can a long PR interval 1st degree heart block, hypokalemia, acute rheumatic fever, or carditis
(>0.20 seconds) indicate? associated with Lyme disease
