Unit 3: Period 3: 1754–1800
You'll explore the events that led to the American Revolution and the formation of the United States and
examine the early years of the republic.
Unit 4: Period 4: 1800–1848
You’ll examine how the young nation developed politically, culturally, and economically in this period.
Unit 5: Period 5: 1844–1877
You’ll learn how the nation expanded and you’ll explore the events that led to the secession of Southern
states and the Civil War.
Unit 6: Period 6: 1865–1898
You’ll examine the nation’s economic and demographic shifts in this period and their links to cultural and
political changes.
Unit 7: Period 7: 1890–1945
You’ll examine America’s changing society and culture and the causes and effects of the global wars and
economic meltdown of this period.
Reconstruction
Immigration
Civil rights vs liberties
The role of the federal gov’t
Reform movements over time
,Period 3
England’s colonial Rivals:
- French
- Dutch
- Spanish
Period of Salutary Neglect - reduced British intervention in colonial affairs
1754-1763 - French and Indian War (France vs Britain)
- Began over Ohio
- Determine control of the colonial territory of North America
- 7 years war started in 1756
1763 - The Peace Treaty of Paris
- England gains French land from Canada to Florida and the Appalachians to the Mississippi River
- England gains Florida from Spain
*1763 is a turning point in the relationship between the colonies and England: salutary neglect will come
to an end following the French and Indian War.
*England emerges from the war with massive debt and starts imposing taxes.
1763 - Pontiac's Rebellion - Ottawa Chief rebelled against colonists
1763 - Paxton Boys - Pennsylvania Scots-Irish settlers attacked the Natives (demanded relief from
colonial taxes and wanting an end in Indian warfare by getting rid of them) - the British stop the rebellion
1763 - Proclamation Act of 1763 - prohibited colonists from moving west of the Appalachian mountains
=> colonists openly defied the British policy
1764 - Sugar Act - tax on sugar
1764 - stricter enforcement on Navigation Acts
,1765 - Quartering Act - colonists required to provide food and housing for the British soldiers
1765 - Stamp Act - a tax on a variety of legal documents and items
*These acts were passed without consent of the colonial legislators
Colonial responses:
- Stamp Act Congress - reps from 9 colonies meet => intercolonial unity
- Sons of Liberty: Secret organization that tried to disrupt enforcement of the act
Widespread boycotts => the British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act
1766 - Declaratory Act - England reaffirms its power over the colonies
1767 - Townshend Act - tax on imports such as paper, tea, glass, etc
- $ would be used to pay royal officials in the colonies (previously paid by colonial assemblies)
- Could search private homes for goods by getting a writ of assistance (rather than a warrant)
Resistance to Townshend Acts:
- “Letters From a Farmer in Penn.” - “no taxation without representation” (England: you have
“virtual representation”)
- Daughters of Liberty
- England was losing more money than it was generation => Townshend duties repealed in 1770
1770 - Boston “Massacre” - British troops open fire near the customs house killing 5 colonists
- Paul Revere’s engraving as a propaganda
- John Adams defends the British soldiers against murder charges
1772 - Committees of Correspondence led by Samuel Adams were used to keep up communication
resistance to British policies. (colonial opposition against British policy)
1773 - Tea Act - gave a monopoly to the British East India Company (British tea was cheaper than
smuggled tea)
1773 - Boston Tea Party - Sons of Liberty dumped tea into Boston harbor
As a consequence….
1774 - Coercive Acts (“Intolerable Acts”):
- Boston port was closed until property was paid for
- Drastically reduced power of Mass. legislature & banned town hall meetings
- Quartering Act expanded
- Royal officials accused of a crime would be put on trial in England
Suffolk Resolves: boycott British goods until the Intolerable Acts were repealed
In response to the Intolerable Acts:
1774 - 1st Continental Congress
- All colonies except Georgia met in Philly
- Wanted to repair their relationship with England, didn't call for independence yet
- Adopted the Declaration of Rights and Liberties
- Endorsed the Suffolk Resolves
- Planned to meet again
, 1775 - Lexington and Concord - start of the AMERICAN REVOLUTION
- 8 colonists killed
- British troops led by Gen. Gage left Boston to seize colonial weapons & arrestSam Adams &
John Hancock
=>
May 1775 - Second Continental Congress
- Division amongst colonists whether or not to declare independence
- Organized the Continental Army with Washington as commander in chief
June 1775 - Bunker Hill - British take hill, but colonists hold their own---Builds confidence!
July 1775 - At the same time sought peace by sending Olive Branch Petition to King George III
*at this point, there is no clear call for independence yet
Enlightenment (John Locke and Rousseau) - the power of gov’t is derived from popular consent
Jan 1776 - “Common Sense” by Thomas Paine
- Argued for independence
- Radical idea at the time
- Called for the creation of a republic (representative govt.) based on natural rights of the people
- Strongly influenced by the Enlightenment
1776 - Declaration of Independence (Thomas Jefferson Drafted)
Goals:
- Justify independence by listing grievances against King George III
- To rally support amongst the colonists
- To get the assistance from foreign nations
- Broad appeal by declaring “unalienable rights” (natural rights) and the power of government rest
with the people (popular sovereignty)
Dec 1777 - Trenton - Washington crossed Delawar river and captured 1,000 Hessian soldiers
France supports colonists:
- Regain its power after the 7 years war
You'll explore the events that led to the American Revolution and the formation of the United States and
examine the early years of the republic.
Unit 4: Period 4: 1800–1848
You’ll examine how the young nation developed politically, culturally, and economically in this period.
Unit 5: Period 5: 1844–1877
You’ll learn how the nation expanded and you’ll explore the events that led to the secession of Southern
states and the Civil War.
Unit 6: Period 6: 1865–1898
You’ll examine the nation’s economic and demographic shifts in this period and their links to cultural and
political changes.
Unit 7: Period 7: 1890–1945
You’ll examine America’s changing society and culture and the causes and effects of the global wars and
economic meltdown of this period.
Reconstruction
Immigration
Civil rights vs liberties
The role of the federal gov’t
Reform movements over time
,Period 3
England’s colonial Rivals:
- French
- Dutch
- Spanish
Period of Salutary Neglect - reduced British intervention in colonial affairs
1754-1763 - French and Indian War (France vs Britain)
- Began over Ohio
- Determine control of the colonial territory of North America
- 7 years war started in 1756
1763 - The Peace Treaty of Paris
- England gains French land from Canada to Florida and the Appalachians to the Mississippi River
- England gains Florida from Spain
*1763 is a turning point in the relationship between the colonies and England: salutary neglect will come
to an end following the French and Indian War.
*England emerges from the war with massive debt and starts imposing taxes.
1763 - Pontiac's Rebellion - Ottawa Chief rebelled against colonists
1763 - Paxton Boys - Pennsylvania Scots-Irish settlers attacked the Natives (demanded relief from
colonial taxes and wanting an end in Indian warfare by getting rid of them) - the British stop the rebellion
1763 - Proclamation Act of 1763 - prohibited colonists from moving west of the Appalachian mountains
=> colonists openly defied the British policy
1764 - Sugar Act - tax on sugar
1764 - stricter enforcement on Navigation Acts
,1765 - Quartering Act - colonists required to provide food and housing for the British soldiers
1765 - Stamp Act - a tax on a variety of legal documents and items
*These acts were passed without consent of the colonial legislators
Colonial responses:
- Stamp Act Congress - reps from 9 colonies meet => intercolonial unity
- Sons of Liberty: Secret organization that tried to disrupt enforcement of the act
Widespread boycotts => the British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act
1766 - Declaratory Act - England reaffirms its power over the colonies
1767 - Townshend Act - tax on imports such as paper, tea, glass, etc
- $ would be used to pay royal officials in the colonies (previously paid by colonial assemblies)
- Could search private homes for goods by getting a writ of assistance (rather than a warrant)
Resistance to Townshend Acts:
- “Letters From a Farmer in Penn.” - “no taxation without representation” (England: you have
“virtual representation”)
- Daughters of Liberty
- England was losing more money than it was generation => Townshend duties repealed in 1770
1770 - Boston “Massacre” - British troops open fire near the customs house killing 5 colonists
- Paul Revere’s engraving as a propaganda
- John Adams defends the British soldiers against murder charges
1772 - Committees of Correspondence led by Samuel Adams were used to keep up communication
resistance to British policies. (colonial opposition against British policy)
1773 - Tea Act - gave a monopoly to the British East India Company (British tea was cheaper than
smuggled tea)
1773 - Boston Tea Party - Sons of Liberty dumped tea into Boston harbor
As a consequence….
1774 - Coercive Acts (“Intolerable Acts”):
- Boston port was closed until property was paid for
- Drastically reduced power of Mass. legislature & banned town hall meetings
- Quartering Act expanded
- Royal officials accused of a crime would be put on trial in England
Suffolk Resolves: boycott British goods until the Intolerable Acts were repealed
In response to the Intolerable Acts:
1774 - 1st Continental Congress
- All colonies except Georgia met in Philly
- Wanted to repair their relationship with England, didn't call for independence yet
- Adopted the Declaration of Rights and Liberties
- Endorsed the Suffolk Resolves
- Planned to meet again
, 1775 - Lexington and Concord - start of the AMERICAN REVOLUTION
- 8 colonists killed
- British troops led by Gen. Gage left Boston to seize colonial weapons & arrestSam Adams &
John Hancock
=>
May 1775 - Second Continental Congress
- Division amongst colonists whether or not to declare independence
- Organized the Continental Army with Washington as commander in chief
June 1775 - Bunker Hill - British take hill, but colonists hold their own---Builds confidence!
July 1775 - At the same time sought peace by sending Olive Branch Petition to King George III
*at this point, there is no clear call for independence yet
Enlightenment (John Locke and Rousseau) - the power of gov’t is derived from popular consent
Jan 1776 - “Common Sense” by Thomas Paine
- Argued for independence
- Radical idea at the time
- Called for the creation of a republic (representative govt.) based on natural rights of the people
- Strongly influenced by the Enlightenment
1776 - Declaration of Independence (Thomas Jefferson Drafted)
Goals:
- Justify independence by listing grievances against King George III
- To rally support amongst the colonists
- To get the assistance from foreign nations
- Broad appeal by declaring “unalienable rights” (natural rights) and the power of government rest
with the people (popular sovereignty)
Dec 1777 - Trenton - Washington crossed Delawar river and captured 1,000 Hessian soldiers
France supports colonists:
- Regain its power after the 7 years war
