Galen NUR 242 Exam 2 Med-Surg Tested (Latest 2025 /
2026) Questions with Revised Answers, (A+ Guarantee)
Magnesium enhances ______________ toxicity - CORRECT ANSWERS-digoxin
Hyper/hypo magnesiemia medications - CORRECT ANSWERS-Furosemide
Monitor IV infusion of mag, to rapid infusion may lead to ___________ or ____________
_____________ - CORRECT ANSWERS-cardiac or respiratory arrest
Chvostek and trousseau signs are often the signs of _____________________ or
____________________ - CORRECT ANSWERS-hypocalcemia or hypomagnesemia
Sodium - CORRECT ANSWERS-135-145
fluid overload interventions/goal - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Goal: reduce excess body fluids,
promote desired elimination
•Manage underlying cause
•Restrict dietary sodium intake
•Monitor I/O
•Administer diuretic
•Monitor client's s/s and electrolytes values
•Restrict oral and other fluid intake as prescribed
Fluid overload complications - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Isotonic overhydration
•HF and pulmonary edema
•Seizure
•Coma
Fluid overload medications - CORRECT ANSWERS-Furosemide
,Mannitol
S/S of dehydration - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Vital signs: hyperthermia, ST, thread pulse,
hypotension, decrease CVP
•Neuromusculoskeletal: Dizziness, syncope, confusion, weakness, fatigue
•GI: thirst, dry furrowed tongue, N/V, anorexia, weight loss
•Renal: Oliguria
•Other signs: Diminish capillary refill, cool clammy skin, diaphoresis, sunken eyeballs, flat neck vein
Dehydration assessment - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Assess for condition leading to dehydration:
diarrhea, poor intake, vigorous exercise, vomiting, polyuria, fluid losses (burns, trauma) clients with
drains/NG tube, burns/fluid shifts, overuse of diuretic
Dehydration labs - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Serum electrolytes (hypernatremia)
•Increased serum osmolality normal 275- 295 mOsm/kg; elevated > 295 found in dehydration; > 320 is
critical finding
•CBC elevated H/H
•Elevated urine specific gravity > 1.030
•Increased BUN
Dehydration interventions/goal - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Goal of interventions: replace fluid
and electrolytes to achieve homeostasis
•Closely monitor status and rehydration, avoid overcorrection
•Monitor I/O and weight
•Identify and manage cause- diarrhea, vomiting, blood loss, poor intake
•Oral rehydration is priority if tolerating PO fluids
Dehydration priority interventions - CORRECT ANSWERS-•IV fluid resuscitation/replacement,
general guidelines
•Hypertonic dehydration- hypotonic fluids- D5W once dextrose is metabolized; 0.45% NaCL (1/2 normal
saline)
, •Isotonic dehydration: isotonic fluids (normal saline, lactated ringers)
•Hypotonic dehydration: hypertonic fluids (3% or 5% saline solution)
•Blood products in increased blood loss/trauma
•Medications to treat cause: antidiarrheal, anti emetic, AB, antipyretics
•Ingestion of food to replace electrolytes
Complications of dehydration - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Hypovolemia
•Hypovolemia shock
•Seizures/coma
•Multiorgan system failure
Dehydration medications - CORRECT ANSWERS-Diphenoxylate with atropine
Loperamide
Promethazine HCL
Acetaminophen
Causes of hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANSWERS-•increased intake of calcium, antacids,
thiazide, glucocorticoids, kidney disease, immobilization, calcium and vitamin D overdose, acidosis, milk
alkali syndrome, bone metastasis, hyperparathyroidism
Causes of hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANSWERS-low calcium intake, lactose intolerance,
Malabsorption syndrome (crohn's disease) End stage kidney disease, diarrhea, wound drainage
(especially GI)
Calcium - CORRECT ANSWERS-9-10.5
S/S of hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Vital signs: SB, low hypotension, weak pulses
•Assess for tetany, Chvostek sign, trousseau sign, laryngeal stridor, dysphagia, fatigue, anxiety,
depression, hyperreflexia, muscle spasm numbness, tingling of extremities and around mouth
2026) Questions with Revised Answers, (A+ Guarantee)
Magnesium enhances ______________ toxicity - CORRECT ANSWERS-digoxin
Hyper/hypo magnesiemia medications - CORRECT ANSWERS-Furosemide
Monitor IV infusion of mag, to rapid infusion may lead to ___________ or ____________
_____________ - CORRECT ANSWERS-cardiac or respiratory arrest
Chvostek and trousseau signs are often the signs of _____________________ or
____________________ - CORRECT ANSWERS-hypocalcemia or hypomagnesemia
Sodium - CORRECT ANSWERS-135-145
fluid overload interventions/goal - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Goal: reduce excess body fluids,
promote desired elimination
•Manage underlying cause
•Restrict dietary sodium intake
•Monitor I/O
•Administer diuretic
•Monitor client's s/s and electrolytes values
•Restrict oral and other fluid intake as prescribed
Fluid overload complications - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Isotonic overhydration
•HF and pulmonary edema
•Seizure
•Coma
Fluid overload medications - CORRECT ANSWERS-Furosemide
,Mannitol
S/S of dehydration - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Vital signs: hyperthermia, ST, thread pulse,
hypotension, decrease CVP
•Neuromusculoskeletal: Dizziness, syncope, confusion, weakness, fatigue
•GI: thirst, dry furrowed tongue, N/V, anorexia, weight loss
•Renal: Oliguria
•Other signs: Diminish capillary refill, cool clammy skin, diaphoresis, sunken eyeballs, flat neck vein
Dehydration assessment - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Assess for condition leading to dehydration:
diarrhea, poor intake, vigorous exercise, vomiting, polyuria, fluid losses (burns, trauma) clients with
drains/NG tube, burns/fluid shifts, overuse of diuretic
Dehydration labs - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Serum electrolytes (hypernatremia)
•Increased serum osmolality normal 275- 295 mOsm/kg; elevated > 295 found in dehydration; > 320 is
critical finding
•CBC elevated H/H
•Elevated urine specific gravity > 1.030
•Increased BUN
Dehydration interventions/goal - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Goal of interventions: replace fluid
and electrolytes to achieve homeostasis
•Closely monitor status and rehydration, avoid overcorrection
•Monitor I/O and weight
•Identify and manage cause- diarrhea, vomiting, blood loss, poor intake
•Oral rehydration is priority if tolerating PO fluids
Dehydration priority interventions - CORRECT ANSWERS-•IV fluid resuscitation/replacement,
general guidelines
•Hypertonic dehydration- hypotonic fluids- D5W once dextrose is metabolized; 0.45% NaCL (1/2 normal
saline)
, •Isotonic dehydration: isotonic fluids (normal saline, lactated ringers)
•Hypotonic dehydration: hypertonic fluids (3% or 5% saline solution)
•Blood products in increased blood loss/trauma
•Medications to treat cause: antidiarrheal, anti emetic, AB, antipyretics
•Ingestion of food to replace electrolytes
Complications of dehydration - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Hypovolemia
•Hypovolemia shock
•Seizures/coma
•Multiorgan system failure
Dehydration medications - CORRECT ANSWERS-Diphenoxylate with atropine
Loperamide
Promethazine HCL
Acetaminophen
Causes of hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANSWERS-•increased intake of calcium, antacids,
thiazide, glucocorticoids, kidney disease, immobilization, calcium and vitamin D overdose, acidosis, milk
alkali syndrome, bone metastasis, hyperparathyroidism
Causes of hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANSWERS-low calcium intake, lactose intolerance,
Malabsorption syndrome (crohn's disease) End stage kidney disease, diarrhea, wound drainage
(especially GI)
Calcium - CORRECT ANSWERS-9-10.5
S/S of hypocalcemia - CORRECT ANSWERS-•Vital signs: SB, low hypotension, weak pulses
•Assess for tetany, Chvostek sign, trousseau sign, laryngeal stridor, dysphagia, fatigue, anxiety,
depression, hyperreflexia, muscle spasm numbness, tingling of extremities and around mouth
