PSYC 1100 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Latest Update

PSYC 1100 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Latest Update Split brain studies - Answers - corpus callosum is severed - no communication between hemispheres - left visual field to right hem (spatial abilities), right visual field to left hem (language) - image on right goes to left hem, patient able to say what it is - image on left goes to right hem, patient unable to say what it is - however, left hand can pick out correct object - when asked what it is, right hem still doesn't know and guesses incorrectly Classical conditioning: US - Answers - unconditioned stimulus - input to a reflex - ex. food Classical conditioning: UR - Answers - unconditioned response - output of a reflex - ex. salivation to food US Classical conditioning: CS - Answers - conditioned stimulus - initially means nothing, but during learning process becomes associated with the US - results in production of CR - ex. bell Classical conditioning: CR - Answers - conditioned response - response to CS, thing that is actually produced - able to be measured for amplitude, probability, latency - ex. salivation Habituation - Answers - decrease in response to a repeated stimulus with no actual effect - ex. before we give the dog any food, we ring the bell a few times. The dog receives no reward, and eventually stops paying attention to the bell - it doesn't mean anything - in other words, you get used to something that has no meaningful consequence UR vs CR - Answers - UR is a natural, unlearned behavior - CR is learned, triggered behavior Measures of a conditioned response: Amplitude - Answers strength of CR ex. how much saliva Measures of a conditioned response: Probability - Answers how often CR occurs ex. 3 out of 10 trials Measures of a conditioned response: Latency - Answers time for CR to occur ex. how many seconds until heart rate increases Acquisition - Answers - period of learning when CS is paired with US - more reinforcement makes CR stronger Extinction - Answers - extinguishing of CR until it goes away completely - due to giving CS without US Spontaneous recovery - Answers - after 24 hours of rest following extinction, CR is recovered without any re-learning. - not as strong as before - extinction happens faster now - eventually spontaneous recovery stops happening after many trials Reacquisition - Answers - after full extinction and no spontaneous recovery, dog can re-learn CR faster than the first time Spontaneous recovery takeaways - Answers - learning never truly goes away - even after extinction - even after spontaneous recovery, re-learning happens quickly How does spontaneous recovery work? - Answers - with each reinforced trial, excitatory association is built up - when it reaches maximum, acquisition phase is complete - this is permanent! - during extinction, separate inhibitory association is learned - gets stronger with each extinction trial - when it matches strength of excitatory, extinction occurs - strength of CR = excitation - inhibition - inhibitory dissipates during rest periods (after extinction)