NURS 6111 Exam 1study Guide Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

NURS 6111 Exam 1study Guide Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct Primary immune deficiency - ANSWER -In a person that develops an immune deficiency disease, they either do not have the right components to fight infections or their body destroys the parts required to fight infections. Effects of aging on the immune system - ANSWER -Decreased T cells due to decreased thymus gland size, decreased production of specific antibodies and memory B cells, increased circulating antigen-antibody complexes Bruton's disease - ANSWER -a genetic defect of the autosomal recessive pattern, immunodeficiency disorder, the body cannot protect itself from infections Karyotypes - ANSWER -images of an individuals 46 chromosomes lined up in homologous pairs Phenotype - ANSWER -An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. Transcription - ANSWER -(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA Replication - ANSWER -process of copying DNA prior to cell division Autoimmunity - ANSWER -pertaining to one's immune system attacking its own tissues or cells SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) - ANSWER --chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen of the skin, of joints and of internal organs -Inflammation of almost any body part, chronic, multisystem inflammatory disorder that occurs when the body produces antibodies against its own cells. (malar rash) Sjorgen's disease - ANSWER --progressive autoimmune disorder that attacks moisture producing glands that that often impacts women after the age of 40, dry mouth systemic sclerosis - ANSWER -a diffuse connective tissue disease that may involve any system causing inflammation, degeneration, and fibrosis RA (rheumatoid arthritis) - ANSWER -Autoimmune disease causing inflammation of the synovial membrane and other parts of the joints. Graves disease - ANSWER -an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism and is characterized by goiter and/or exophthalmos(bulging eyes) Cell Phases in Mitosis - ANSWER -1. interphase(DNA replicates and cell prepares for divison), 2. prophase(centriolesseparate and move to poles), 3. metaphase(chromosomes line up and attach to spindle fiber) , 4. anaphase(spindles pull apart to create separate chromosomes), 5. telophase(chromosomes decondense and nuclear envelope reforms) Causes of cellular injury - ANSWER -1. Inflammation 2. Nutritional Deficiency or excess 3. Hypoxia 4. Trauma 5. Genetic Mutations 6. Infections AIDS complications - ANSWER -Immune system severely compromised Great risk for opportunistic disease Possible malignancies, wasting, and dementia cell signals - ANSWER --by direct contact -by release factors -by hormone signals -by the epigenome- Signal molecules direct the stages of cell division Effect of free radicals - ANSWER -Damage tissues, body cells, DNA, oxidative stress Galactosemia - ANSWER -Autosomal recessive. an inborn error of metabolism that makes infants unable to process galactose, resulting in a variety of physical problems in addition to intellectual disabilities; dietary intervention reduces potential for problems congenital defects - ANSWER -Abnormalities of structure or function which are present at birth Ehlers-Danlos syndrome - ANSWER -A group of inherited disorders that affect your connective tissues — primarily your skin, joints and blood vessel walls. People who have this syndrome usually have overly flexible joints and stretchy, fragile skin. This can become a problem if you have a wound that requires stitches, because the skin often isn't strong enough to hold them. PKU (phenylketonuria) - ANSWER -autosomal recessive, a condition that makes it impossible for babies to metabolize certain proteins Tay-Sachs disease - ANSWER -A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele that leads to the accumulation of certain lipids in the brain. Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually become manifest a few months after birth. Apoptosis vs. Necrosis - ANSWER -Apoptosis- active, orderly and organized; requires energy a plan and enzymatic degradation of proteins/dna; produces neatly packed cell fragments that are recycled Necrosis; passive and disorderly; produces cell debris complement system - ANSWER -A group of about 30 blood proteins that may amplify the inflammatory response, enhance phagocytosis, or directly lyse extracellular pathogens. Role of neutrophils in inflammation - ANSWER -main phagocytic leukocyte, cytotoxic lysosomes to destroy invaders short lived Role of macrophages in inflammation - ANSWER -Known as sentinel cells i.e. guard cells of the tissue Look for insults and pick them out Monocytes leave the bloodstream and become macrophages Macrophages present antigens and partake in phagocytosis Activate the immune response as an APC