PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NUR 231 2025–2026 | 25+ SOLVED QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS AND CLINICAL EXPLANATIONS
Type I :Allergic Reactions - CORRECT ANSWERS-allergies, anaphylaxis, histamine, can cause
hypoxia - insect sting, antibiotics, foods, anesthetics
Type II: Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWERS-ABO incompatibility, IgG mediated
donor blood destruction, inflammatory response, alloimmunity
Type III: Immune Complex Hypersinsitivity - CORRECT ANSWERS-Ag-Ab not removed by
compliment, deposited in tissue, later compliment activation destroys tissue - serum sickness, rheumatic
fever, autoimmune disorders - rheumatoid arthritis, MS, Lupus
Type IV: Cell-Mediated/Delayed Hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWERS-mediated by sensitized
T-cells, delayed response, T-cell destroy tissue containing antigen, TB(mantoux test), contact dermatitis,
poison ivy, graft host rejection/tissue rejection (alloimunity)
Anaphylactic Shock - CORRECT ANSWERS-immediate body wide hypersensitive reaction
respiratory problems (burns) - CORRECT ANSWERS-difficulty breathing, may have inhaled hot
air and burned trachea
pain (burns) - CORRECT ANSWERS-occurs with burns due to inflamation
infection (burns) - CORRECT ANSWERS-loss of skin, stress
metabolic needs (burns) - CORRECT ANSWERS-increased needs, high caloric intake
superficial partial-thickness burn - CORRECT ANSWERS-does not penetrate past epidermis, no
blisters, sun burn
,deep partial-thickness burn - CORRECT ANSWERS-complete epidermis and part of dermis
affected, blistering
negative feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWERS-output of system acts to oppose changes from
the input of the system, resulting stability
positive feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWERS-output is unable to attenuate an input change
resulting in an imbalance of system, often results in disease, heart failure - the body's response makes
problem worse
diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-signs and symptoms together
signs - CORRECT ANSWERS-what we see
symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS-what patient tells us
etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS-causes of the disease, how did we get the disease
predisposing factors - CORRECT ANSWERS-risk factors for developing a disease
pathogeneisis - CORRECT ANSWERS-process of beginning the disease, goes with etiology,
what caused the start of the disease
syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS-compilation of signs and symptoms that point toward a
diagnosis, AIDS - signs and lab work, compilation of signs and symptoms together
insidious - CORRECT ANSWERS-a gradual progression with very vague of mild signs
prognosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-how bad is it? what are the chances of recovery?
, morbidity - CORRECT ANSWERS-how many people have the disease, negatively affects quality
of life
mortality - CORRECT ANSWERS-causes death
epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS-study of disease in a population
pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS-identifies disease before it shows signs and symptoms,
cellular changes
atrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS-loss of growth, muscle growth diminishes
hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS-increase in the size of individual cells
hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-increase in the number of cells, healthy growth just more
cells
metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-cell changes from one cell type to another. ciliated epithelial
cells in smoker changes to regular cubodal cell
dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-cells vary in size, shape and nucleus size/shape. less cell
differentiation, precursor to cancer
anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-cells lack differentiation, cancerous
neoplasm - CORRECT ANSWERS-new growth, malignant or benign
idiopathic - CORRECT ANSWERS-unknown cause
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS AND CLINICAL EXPLANATIONS
Type I :Allergic Reactions - CORRECT ANSWERS-allergies, anaphylaxis, histamine, can cause
hypoxia - insect sting, antibiotics, foods, anesthetics
Type II: Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWERS-ABO incompatibility, IgG mediated
donor blood destruction, inflammatory response, alloimmunity
Type III: Immune Complex Hypersinsitivity - CORRECT ANSWERS-Ag-Ab not removed by
compliment, deposited in tissue, later compliment activation destroys tissue - serum sickness, rheumatic
fever, autoimmune disorders - rheumatoid arthritis, MS, Lupus
Type IV: Cell-Mediated/Delayed Hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWERS-mediated by sensitized
T-cells, delayed response, T-cell destroy tissue containing antigen, TB(mantoux test), contact dermatitis,
poison ivy, graft host rejection/tissue rejection (alloimunity)
Anaphylactic Shock - CORRECT ANSWERS-immediate body wide hypersensitive reaction
respiratory problems (burns) - CORRECT ANSWERS-difficulty breathing, may have inhaled hot
air and burned trachea
pain (burns) - CORRECT ANSWERS-occurs with burns due to inflamation
infection (burns) - CORRECT ANSWERS-loss of skin, stress
metabolic needs (burns) - CORRECT ANSWERS-increased needs, high caloric intake
superficial partial-thickness burn - CORRECT ANSWERS-does not penetrate past epidermis, no
blisters, sun burn
,deep partial-thickness burn - CORRECT ANSWERS-complete epidermis and part of dermis
affected, blistering
negative feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWERS-output of system acts to oppose changes from
the input of the system, resulting stability
positive feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWERS-output is unable to attenuate an input change
resulting in an imbalance of system, often results in disease, heart failure - the body's response makes
problem worse
diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-signs and symptoms together
signs - CORRECT ANSWERS-what we see
symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS-what patient tells us
etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS-causes of the disease, how did we get the disease
predisposing factors - CORRECT ANSWERS-risk factors for developing a disease
pathogeneisis - CORRECT ANSWERS-process of beginning the disease, goes with etiology,
what caused the start of the disease
syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS-compilation of signs and symptoms that point toward a
diagnosis, AIDS - signs and lab work, compilation of signs and symptoms together
insidious - CORRECT ANSWERS-a gradual progression with very vague of mild signs
prognosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-how bad is it? what are the chances of recovery?
, morbidity - CORRECT ANSWERS-how many people have the disease, negatively affects quality
of life
mortality - CORRECT ANSWERS-causes death
epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWERS-study of disease in a population
pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWERS-identifies disease before it shows signs and symptoms,
cellular changes
atrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS-loss of growth, muscle growth diminishes
hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS-increase in the size of individual cells
hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-increase in the number of cells, healthy growth just more
cells
metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-cell changes from one cell type to another. ciliated epithelial
cells in smoker changes to regular cubodal cell
dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-cells vary in size, shape and nucleus size/shape. less cell
differentiation, precursor to cancer
anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-cells lack differentiation, cancerous
neoplasm - CORRECT ANSWERS-new growth, malignant or benign
idiopathic - CORRECT ANSWERS-unknown cause
