Neonatal Hematology ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Presentation of hematologic disorders - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-anemia, polycythemia,
neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy
anemia - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- Pallor, fatigue, heart failure and jaundice
polycythemia - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- Irritability, cyanosis, ruddiness, jaundice,
seizures, stroke
neutropenia - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- Fevers, oral ulceration, lymphadenopathy,
bacteremia
thrombocytopenia - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- Petechiae, ecchymosis, GI hemorrhage,
epistaxis
coagulopathy - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Bruising, hemarthrosis, mucosal bleeding
sites of erythropoiesis: yolk sac - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅starts at 3 weeks gestation
(Embryonic Hemoglobin)
sites of erythropoiesis: liver - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅moves to this area at 2 months
gestation (Fetal Hemoglobin (two alpha and
two gama chains)
sites of erythropoiesis: bone marrow - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-moves from the liver to
the bone Marrow at 5-6 months gestation (Adult Hemoglobin two alpha and two beta chains).
-Therefore an extremely premature infant may have significant extramedullary
hematopoiesis.
-This is also why a bone marrow examination is often critical in patients with cytopenia.
-Erythropoietin production stops shortly after birth due to the rapid increase in
, oxygen saturation
physiologic Nadir - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-Occurs at 8 to 10 weeks of life is worse in
premature infants and is due to:
-Fetal RBC shorter survival time (only 60 days)
-Rapid growth of the patient in the first few months of life
-Cessation of erythropoiesis shortly after birth until the decrease in hemoglobin
triggers a decrease in oxygen delivery and erythropoiesis resumes.
Immature neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅controlled by granulocyte-macrophage
colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
Mature neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- controlled by granulocyte colony-
stimulating factor (G-CSF)
Developmental Hematology Neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-Rapid increase in
neutrophil count that occurs with infection is under control of
GM-CSF
-Mature neutrophils and bands are only cells which are fully functional for
chemotaxis, phagocytosis and bacterial killing.
-Neutrophils migrate from bone marrow into circulation for 6-7 hours and migrate to tissues
where they become end stage and do not recirculate.
Developmental Hematology Eosinophils - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Eosinophils are under
control of interleukin 3 and are the host defense against parasites with a prolonged survival in
the host's tissues
Developmental Hematology Platelets - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-Platelets develop from
Megakaryocytes by invagination and budding.
-Thrombopoietin is the primary regulator of platelet production.
-Platelets adhere to damaged endothelium via the adhesive proteins- von Willebrand factor
(vWF) and fibrinogen.
-Platelets circulate for 7 to 10 days
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Presentation of hematologic disorders - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-anemia, polycythemia,
neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy
anemia - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- Pallor, fatigue, heart failure and jaundice
polycythemia - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- Irritability, cyanosis, ruddiness, jaundice,
seizures, stroke
neutropenia - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- Fevers, oral ulceration, lymphadenopathy,
bacteremia
thrombocytopenia - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- Petechiae, ecchymosis, GI hemorrhage,
epistaxis
coagulopathy - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Bruising, hemarthrosis, mucosal bleeding
sites of erythropoiesis: yolk sac - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅starts at 3 weeks gestation
(Embryonic Hemoglobin)
sites of erythropoiesis: liver - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅moves to this area at 2 months
gestation (Fetal Hemoglobin (two alpha and
two gama chains)
sites of erythropoiesis: bone marrow - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-moves from the liver to
the bone Marrow at 5-6 months gestation (Adult Hemoglobin two alpha and two beta chains).
-Therefore an extremely premature infant may have significant extramedullary
hematopoiesis.
-This is also why a bone marrow examination is often critical in patients with cytopenia.
-Erythropoietin production stops shortly after birth due to the rapid increase in
, oxygen saturation
physiologic Nadir - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-Occurs at 8 to 10 weeks of life is worse in
premature infants and is due to:
-Fetal RBC shorter survival time (only 60 days)
-Rapid growth of the patient in the first few months of life
-Cessation of erythropoiesis shortly after birth until the decrease in hemoglobin
triggers a decrease in oxygen delivery and erythropoiesis resumes.
Immature neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅controlled by granulocyte-macrophage
colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
Mature neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- controlled by granulocyte colony-
stimulating factor (G-CSF)
Developmental Hematology Neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-Rapid increase in
neutrophil count that occurs with infection is under control of
GM-CSF
-Mature neutrophils and bands are only cells which are fully functional for
chemotaxis, phagocytosis and bacterial killing.
-Neutrophils migrate from bone marrow into circulation for 6-7 hours and migrate to tissues
where they become end stage and do not recirculate.
Developmental Hematology Eosinophils - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Eosinophils are under
control of interleukin 3 and are the host defense against parasites with a prolonged survival in
the host's tissues
Developmental Hematology Platelets - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅-Platelets develop from
Megakaryocytes by invagination and budding.
-Thrombopoietin is the primary regulator of platelet production.
-Platelets adhere to damaged endothelium via the adhesive proteins- von Willebrand factor
(vWF) and fibrinogen.
-Platelets circulate for 7 to 10 days
