NSG 100 EXAM 4 2025–2026 |
VERIFIED QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS WITH STEP-BY-
STEP GUIDE TO A+ SUCCESS
mouth - CORRECT ANSWER -mechanical breakdown of food;
begins chemical digestion of carbohydrates
esophagus - CORRECT ANSWER -peristalsis pushes food to
stomach
stomach functions - CORRECT ANSWER -stores food and liquid
mixes food, liquid and digestive juices
empties into small intestines
cardiac sphincer - CORRECT ANSWER -closes lumen to prevent
stomach acid from entering esophagus (not a true sphincter)
problems in small intestine - CORRECT ANSWER -cause
electrolyte and nutrient deficiencies
small intestine - CORRECT ANSWER -facilitates digestion and
absorption
pepcid and HCl- proteins digested
,intrinsic factor - CORRECT ANSWER -A substance produced by
the mucosa of the stomach and intestines that is essential for the
absorption of vitamin B12.
duodenum - CORRECT ANSWER -first part of the small intestine
chyme processed
jejunum - CORRECT ANSWER -second part of the small intestine
absorption of carbs and protein
ileum - CORRECT ANSWER -the last and longest portion of the
small intestine
absorbs water, fats and bile salts
large intestine - CORRECT ANSWER -primary organ of bowel
elimination
cecum - CORRECT ANSWER -the cavity in which the large
intestine begins and into which the ileum opens
colon - CORRECT ANSWER --food changes from liquid to solid
-ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum
-aids in electrolyte balance
factors influencing bowel elimination - CORRECT ANSWER -
lifestyle (personal habits, nutrition and fluid intake, exercise,
culture)
-developmental
-physiological (pregnancy, motor and sensory disturbances,
intestinal pathologies, meds, surgical procedures)
,-psychosocial
personal habits influencing bowel elimination - CORRECT
ANSWER --regular pattern of eating and sleeping assists with
regular pattern of elimination
-failing to respond to urge to defacate can lead to constipation
influence of nutrition and fluids on bowel elim - CORRECT
ANSWER -fiber (indigestible carbohydrate) aids defecation, water
softens stool and bulk aids peristalsis
daily fiber intake: women 25g, men 35g
daily fluid intake 2 to 3 L
soluble fiber - CORRECT ANSWER -carrots, apples, oranges,
beans
insoluble fiber - CORRECT ANSWER -whole-grain breads, bran
cereals
foods that cause gas - CORRECT ANSWER -beans,
cabbage,cucumbers, onion, dairy products
foods that cause odor - CORRECT ANSWER -beans, cabbage,
cheese, eggs, garlic, and onions
foods that thicken stool - CORRECT ANSWER -applesauce,
bananas, breads, cheese, peanut butter
foods that loosen stool - CORRECT ANSWER -beans, chocolate,
coffee, prune or grape juice, raw fruits, vegetables
, exercise and bowel elim - CORRECT ANSWER -muscle tone
affects the activity of the intestinal musculature and the
supporting muscles that aid in defecation
factors affecting muscle tone - CORRECT ANSWER -immobility,
neuro impairment, multiple pregnancies
infancy and bowel elim - CORRECT ANSWER -stomach is small
and secretes a smaller amount of digestive enzymes
rapid peristalsis propels food quickly through GI tract, bc the
neuromusc system is not well developed, the infant cannot control
defecation
adolescence and bowel elim - CORRECT ANSWER -usually not a
problem unless there is an underlying health problem
-may experience changes in bowel habits assoc with rapid growth
-irregular patterns of eating and sleeping
older adults and bowel elim - CORRECT ANSWER --increase
prevalence of motor and neuro disturbances, colon cancer and
diverticulitis
-dietary (fiber and water) and sleep patterns
-amount of digestive enzymes in saliva and gastric acids in the
stomach declines (decreased ability to break down foods)
-muscle atrophy may decrease bowel control
intestinal pathological processes - CORRECT ANSWER -bowel
obstruction
crohn's disease
ulcerative colitis
VERIFIED QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS WITH STEP-BY-
STEP GUIDE TO A+ SUCCESS
mouth - CORRECT ANSWER -mechanical breakdown of food;
begins chemical digestion of carbohydrates
esophagus - CORRECT ANSWER -peristalsis pushes food to
stomach
stomach functions - CORRECT ANSWER -stores food and liquid
mixes food, liquid and digestive juices
empties into small intestines
cardiac sphincer - CORRECT ANSWER -closes lumen to prevent
stomach acid from entering esophagus (not a true sphincter)
problems in small intestine - CORRECT ANSWER -cause
electrolyte and nutrient deficiencies
small intestine - CORRECT ANSWER -facilitates digestion and
absorption
pepcid and HCl- proteins digested
,intrinsic factor - CORRECT ANSWER -A substance produced by
the mucosa of the stomach and intestines that is essential for the
absorption of vitamin B12.
duodenum - CORRECT ANSWER -first part of the small intestine
chyme processed
jejunum - CORRECT ANSWER -second part of the small intestine
absorption of carbs and protein
ileum - CORRECT ANSWER -the last and longest portion of the
small intestine
absorbs water, fats and bile salts
large intestine - CORRECT ANSWER -primary organ of bowel
elimination
cecum - CORRECT ANSWER -the cavity in which the large
intestine begins and into which the ileum opens
colon - CORRECT ANSWER --food changes from liquid to solid
-ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum
-aids in electrolyte balance
factors influencing bowel elimination - CORRECT ANSWER -
lifestyle (personal habits, nutrition and fluid intake, exercise,
culture)
-developmental
-physiological (pregnancy, motor and sensory disturbances,
intestinal pathologies, meds, surgical procedures)
,-psychosocial
personal habits influencing bowel elimination - CORRECT
ANSWER --regular pattern of eating and sleeping assists with
regular pattern of elimination
-failing to respond to urge to defacate can lead to constipation
influence of nutrition and fluids on bowel elim - CORRECT
ANSWER -fiber (indigestible carbohydrate) aids defecation, water
softens stool and bulk aids peristalsis
daily fiber intake: women 25g, men 35g
daily fluid intake 2 to 3 L
soluble fiber - CORRECT ANSWER -carrots, apples, oranges,
beans
insoluble fiber - CORRECT ANSWER -whole-grain breads, bran
cereals
foods that cause gas - CORRECT ANSWER -beans,
cabbage,cucumbers, onion, dairy products
foods that cause odor - CORRECT ANSWER -beans, cabbage,
cheese, eggs, garlic, and onions
foods that thicken stool - CORRECT ANSWER -applesauce,
bananas, breads, cheese, peanut butter
foods that loosen stool - CORRECT ANSWER -beans, chocolate,
coffee, prune or grape juice, raw fruits, vegetables
, exercise and bowel elim - CORRECT ANSWER -muscle tone
affects the activity of the intestinal musculature and the
supporting muscles that aid in defecation
factors affecting muscle tone - CORRECT ANSWER -immobility,
neuro impairment, multiple pregnancies
infancy and bowel elim - CORRECT ANSWER -stomach is small
and secretes a smaller amount of digestive enzymes
rapid peristalsis propels food quickly through GI tract, bc the
neuromusc system is not well developed, the infant cannot control
defecation
adolescence and bowel elim - CORRECT ANSWER -usually not a
problem unless there is an underlying health problem
-may experience changes in bowel habits assoc with rapid growth
-irregular patterns of eating and sleeping
older adults and bowel elim - CORRECT ANSWER --increase
prevalence of motor and neuro disturbances, colon cancer and
diverticulitis
-dietary (fiber and water) and sleep patterns
-amount of digestive enzymes in saliva and gastric acids in the
stomach declines (decreased ability to break down foods)
-muscle atrophy may decrease bowel control
intestinal pathological processes - CORRECT ANSWER -bowel
obstruction
crohn's disease
ulcerative colitis
