NUR 3219 - Module 3 Final Exam 1
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (DM1) - Answer Prevalence:
-Less common (5-10% of total people with DM)
-Diagnosed more commonly in younger people
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (DM1) - Answer Etiology & Pathophysiology:
-Genetic predisposition may increase risk of development of ___
-Possible correlation between virus exposure and development of ___
-Autoimmune pathology causes decrease then cessation of insulin production
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (DM1) - Answer -Patients often critically ill at diagnosis (diabetes-
related ketoacidosis):
-Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
-Weight loss & fatigue
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) - Answer Prevalence:
90% or more of total DM cases historically diagnosed in older adultsbut increasing in young
people and children
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) - Answer Etiology & Pathophysiology:
-Risk factors include being overweight/obese, a family history of ___, and possible genetic
factors
-Insulin underproduction & resistance, excess glucose production, and altered muscle/adipose
tissue metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) - Answer -Less specific clinical manifestations at diagnosis
-Possible polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
-Fatigue, infections, prolonged wound healing, vision problems
, -A1C level ___% or higher
-Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level > ___ mg/dL
-2-hour plasma glucose level during OGTT greater than ___ mg/dL (with glucose load of 75 g)
-Classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis or a random plasma glucose level
greater than ___ mg/dL
Intraprofessional Care of DM - Answer -Drug Therapy
*Insulin
*Oral antidiabetics and noninsulin injectable agents
-Nutrition Therapy
-Exercise
-Blood glucose monitoring
-Pancreas and pancreatic islet cell transplantation (DM1)
Other Causes of Hyperglycemia - Answer -Adrenal and thyroid dysfunction
-Pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis (causes pancreatic damage)
-Acute illness or injury
-Medications: Corticosteroids (prednisone), thiazides, phenytoin (Dilantin), clozapine(Clozaril)
-May be reversible if underlying problem is treated or medication isdiscontinued
insulin therapy - Answer -Required for patients with DM1 to survive
-Patients with DM2 may eventually need it
-Goal is to achieve normal glucose levels all day/night
rapid acting insulin - Answer lispro, aspart, glulisine
onset: 10 to 30 min
peak: 30 min to 3 hr
duration: 3 to 5 hr
short acting insulin - Answer Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
Onset: 30 min - 1hr
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (DM1) - Answer Prevalence:
-Less common (5-10% of total people with DM)
-Diagnosed more commonly in younger people
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (DM1) - Answer Etiology & Pathophysiology:
-Genetic predisposition may increase risk of development of ___
-Possible correlation between virus exposure and development of ___
-Autoimmune pathology causes decrease then cessation of insulin production
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (DM1) - Answer -Patients often critically ill at diagnosis (diabetes-
related ketoacidosis):
-Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
-Weight loss & fatigue
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) - Answer Prevalence:
90% or more of total DM cases historically diagnosed in older adultsbut increasing in young
people and children
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) - Answer Etiology & Pathophysiology:
-Risk factors include being overweight/obese, a family history of ___, and possible genetic
factors
-Insulin underproduction & resistance, excess glucose production, and altered muscle/adipose
tissue metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) - Answer -Less specific clinical manifestations at diagnosis
-Possible polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
-Fatigue, infections, prolonged wound healing, vision problems
, -A1C level ___% or higher
-Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level > ___ mg/dL
-2-hour plasma glucose level during OGTT greater than ___ mg/dL (with glucose load of 75 g)
-Classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis or a random plasma glucose level
greater than ___ mg/dL
Intraprofessional Care of DM - Answer -Drug Therapy
*Insulin
*Oral antidiabetics and noninsulin injectable agents
-Nutrition Therapy
-Exercise
-Blood glucose monitoring
-Pancreas and pancreatic islet cell transplantation (DM1)
Other Causes of Hyperglycemia - Answer -Adrenal and thyroid dysfunction
-Pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis (causes pancreatic damage)
-Acute illness or injury
-Medications: Corticosteroids (prednisone), thiazides, phenytoin (Dilantin), clozapine(Clozaril)
-May be reversible if underlying problem is treated or medication isdiscontinued
insulin therapy - Answer -Required for patients with DM1 to survive
-Patients with DM2 may eventually need it
-Goal is to achieve normal glucose levels all day/night
rapid acting insulin - Answer lispro, aspart, glulisine
onset: 10 to 30 min
peak: 30 min to 3 hr
duration: 3 to 5 hr
short acting insulin - Answer Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
Onset: 30 min - 1hr
